News on China's scientific and technological development.

tokenanalyst

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One of China's next generation supercomputers can do 1.2 exaFLOPS at single-precision, or 4.4 exaFLOPS in mixed precision. On this computer, A Chinese research won the 2021 Gordon Bell prize for beating Google's quantum supermacy declared in 2019.



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This is faster than the No. 1 computer on the
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list. According to the web site, the current No. 1 on the list is Fugaku in Japan by Fujitsu. It has a peak performance of 1 exaFLOPS at single-precision or even "further reduced precision". The Frontier built by the US is expected to break the exaFLOPS barrier for real (i.e. in the highest double-precison).



This Chinese team is from
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.

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Check out their R&D achievements. Some of them sound amazing:
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10,000 dollars does not sound like a lot given the magnitude of this project.
 

SanWenYu

Senior Member
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Chinese researchers at the University of Science and Technology of China found a way to produce "long-chain olefins" from CO2 and H2 in ambient pressure.

Published paper in English:
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Ambient-pressure hydrogenation of CO2 into long-chain olefins​

The conversion of CO2 by renewable power-generated hydrogen is a promising approach to a sustainable production of long-chain olefins (C4+=) which are currently produced from petroleum resources. The decentralized small-scale electrolysis for hydrogen generation requires the operation of CO2 hydrogenation in ambient-pressure units to match the manufacturing scales and flexible on-demand production. Herein, we report a Cu-Fe catalyst which is operated under ambient pressure with comparable C4+= selectivity (66.9%) to that of the state-of-the-art catalysts (66.8%) optimized under high pressure (35 bar). The catalyst is composed of copper, iron oxides, and iron carbides. Iron oxides enable reverse-water-gas-shift to produce CO. The synergy of carbide path over iron carbides and CO insertion path over interfacial sites between copper and iron carbides leads to efficient C-C coupling into C4+=. This work contributes to the development of small-scale low-pressure devices for CO2 hydrogenation compatible with sustainable hydrogen production.
As the culprit for greenhouse effect, CO2, especially those in high purity released from cement manufacturing, breweries, and fuel processing facilities, can be regarded as a promising candidate to synthesize chemicals which are currently produced from fossil resources. Long-chain olefins (C4+=) are versatile industrial feedstocks for a variety of value-added products such as synthetic lubricants, high-octane gasoline, biodegradable detergents, new polymers, agricultural chemicals, coatings, and corrosion inhibitors
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,
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. The prevalent method for the synthesis of these olefins is based on oligomerization of ethylene which is mostly produced from petroleum resources
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,
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. The use of C4+= as industrial feedstocks would play a pivotal role in the development of a sustainable society if C4+= could be directly obtained from CO2 hydrogenation. To ensure the whole process carbon negative, H2 must be produced from water electrolysis powered by renewable energy instead of coal gasification or reforming of natural gas
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,
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. Considering that electrolysis is distributed and produced in small-scale devices, it would be attractive to perform the subsequent CO2 hydrogenation in ambient-pressure units for matching the manufacturing scales and flexible on-demand production
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,
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.

News report by Xinhua in Chinese:
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近期,中国科学技术大学曾杰教授团队开发出一种铜-碳化铁界面型催化剂,实现了常压条件下用二氧化碳加氢高选择性制备长链烯烃,为开发温室气体的资源化利用技术提供新方案。
长链烯烃是一种在精细化工领域用途广泛的化合物,可用于合成洗涤剂、高辛烷值汽油、润滑油、农药、增塑剂等。目前,工业合成长链烯烃的普遍方法是基于乙烯的齐聚反应,而乙烯主要来自石油。与之相比,利用可再生能源电解水制氢,再与二氧化碳反应直接制备长链烯烃,如成功应用会产生重大环境效益。
 

SanWenYu

Senior Member
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This is cool. Chinese researchers made a device that can generate electricity on the rise and drop of ambient relative humidity. Multiple such devices can be connected together to scale up in power generation. In experiments, a 6x6 "integrated array" of such devices lit up LEDs for hours "under one power generation cycle".

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Moisture adsorption-desorption full cycle power generation​

Environment-adaptive power generation can play an important role in next-generation energy conversion. Herein, we propose a moisture adsorption-desorption power generator (MADG) based on porous ionizable assembly, which spontaneously adsorbs moisture at high RH and desorbs moisture at low RH, thus leading to cyclic electric output. A MADG unit can generate a high voltage of ~0.5 V and a current of 100 μA at 100% relative humidity (RH), delivers an electric output (~0.5 V and ~50 μA) at 15 ± 5% RH, and offers a maximum output power density approaching to 120 mW m−2. Such MADG devices could conduct enough power to illuminate a road lamp in outdoor application and directly drive electrochemical process. This work affords a closed-loop pathway for versatile moisture-based energy conversion.
In this work, we propose a moisture adsorption-desorption power generator (MADG) by adopting three-dimensional (3D) porous and ionizable assembly with surrounding encapsulation. The MADG not only exerts moisture adsorption power generation at high RH but also endows moisture desorption electricity generation at low RH based on ions diffusion, dominated by ions concentration difference and ion-hydration energy, respectively (Fig.
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). This postulated working mechanism is further reasonably verified by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiemental tests combining with theoretical calculations. Compared with previous MEG by harnessing a single adsorption process, the full cycle MADG integrates adsorption and desorption enabled power generation into a closed-loop process, thus it could afford repeatable electricity-generating performance, as well as convert versatile moisture-based energy into electricity. A MADG unit can generate a high voltage of ~0.5 V and a current of ~100 μA at 100% RH (water adsorption), and deliver electric output (~0.5 V and ~50 μA) at 15 ± 5% RH (water desorption). A maximum output power density approaches to 120 mW m−2 in MADG, realizing a superb trade-off between internal resistance and maximum output power density for contribution to direct external power supply. Correspondingly, the MADGs could directly supply enough power to drive commercial electronic devices and electrochemical process for a long term, as well as perform continuously full cyclic power generation according to dynamic RH under practical outdoors.
The integration of units is essential to scale up the energy output of device. The generated voltage is up to about 11 V by connecting 21 units in series, increasing linearly with an average of 0.53 V per unit (Fig.
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and Supplementary Fig.
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). The current output of 16 units in parallel connection is boosted to about 1.3 mA, demonstrating a scaling performance of MADG (Fig.
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and Supplementary Fig.
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). The electric power supplied by MADGs is capable of charging commercial capacitors of 0.47, 47 or 470 mF up to 3 V using an integrated 6 × 3 arrays (6 series and 3 parallel connection, Fig.
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).

1.jpg

Benefiting from exceptional output power density and desirable internal resistance, the MADGs as a power source enable to directly power commercial electronics for long time without the requirement for any extra rectifying circuits and energy-storage devices. For instance, 6 × 6 integrated device is sufficient to continuously illuminate 6 red light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and a white LED for 6 h and 3 h under one electricity-generation cycle, respectively (Fig.
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, Supplementary Fig.
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and Movie
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).

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Strangelove

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Chinese-made floating airship reaches world record altitude of 9,032 meters

Updated 15:28, 15-May-2022

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A floating airship developed in China, named Jimu No.1, reached a new world record altitude of 9,032 meters on Sunday.
The airship ascended with a speed of 30 meters per second from a base camp at an altitude of 4,300 meters on Mount Qomolangma, the world's highest peak, located on the China-Nepal border, at 1:26 a.m. Beijing Time.
At 4:40 a.m., the airship hit 9,032 meters, above the mountain's peak of 8848.86 meters, setting a new word record.
Weighing 2.625 tonnes, the floating airship has a volume of 9,060 cubic meters and the vehicle attached to the bottome of the airship weighs 90 tonnes.

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A screen shows the airship reaching an altitude of 9,032 meters. /China Media Group

The observation apparatus on the airship is mainly used to record atmosphere composition data and the water vapor transmission process in space. The measurement data includes black carbon, dust, carbon dioxide and methane, which are key elements in studying environmental changes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

A 64-member team conducted the research. It is one of the 16 scientific research teams from China's "Earth Summit Mission 2022" scientific expedition.

The researchers are from three affiliates of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, including the Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, the Aerospace Information Research Institute and the Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics.
 

victoon

Junior Member
Registered Member
in my experience, I would say this group of folks are the higher quality of the tankers. So I treat them as a source of info, but still apply my own judgments. I also learn from this particular bunch (not csis in general) for their methodology/approach to this type of analytics.
 

Overbom

Brigadier
Registered Member
in my experience, I would say this group of folks are the higher quality of the tankers. So I treat them as a source of info, but still apply my own judgments. I also learn from this particular bunch (not csis in general) for their methodology/approach to this type of analytics.
Here is the full report
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