Semicon China 2025, a semiconductor exhibition held in Shanghai last March, was a place where Korean companies could see for themselves that Chinese semiconductor equipment companies, previously considered inferior, were now catching up. CyCarrier, a startup with full support from Huawei, was one such example. This four-year-old company surprised visiting Korean equipment industry officials by unveiling over 30 different types of diffusion, deposition, optical inspection, and measurement equipment.
Shanghai Microelectronics (SMEE) was no exception. It exhibited 28-nanometer (nm; 1nm = one billionth of a meter) deep ultraviolet (DUV) lithography equipment, previously the domain of only a handful of companies, including ASML in the Netherlands. Nowra, China's largest equipment company, showcased ion implantation equipment, a field previously dominated by the United States. These are all pieces of equipment that Korea cannot even begin to touch. The concern that Korean equipment manufacturers would be sandwiched between the US, Japan, and Europe, which have overwhelming technological prowess, and China, which enjoys government support, has become a reality.