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It wasn't so much Jiang Zemin that was the main driver for military modernization. It was the Persian Gulf War of 1991. Even without Jiang Zemin China would have modernized its military after the Gulf War. Without the Gulf War Jiang Zemin may not have modernized the PLA the way he did or as fast as he did.
The Persian Gulf War gave China's military modernization both urgency and direction.
1st batch of Pakistani literatures to release in China, fostering cultural exchange
By Han Lu | China Economic Net Nov 30, 2022
SICHUAN, Nov 30, (China Economic Net)-Two imported books from Pakistan were announced to be officially launched in China, during the recently concluded Tianfu book fair in Sichuan, China. The book release will be the maiden voyage of Pakistani women's literature to Chinese readers.
The two novels, "I Can Still Live Like the Wind：Pakistani Women’s Writing" and "Ginat", are both written from women’s perspective. They are the first batch of books imported from Pakistan under the CPC Central Committee's Publicity Department's ‘Plan for Translation of Asian Classic Works’. The plan aims to assist Asian countries to deepen their understanding of one another, and offer a platform for nations to share cultures and gain insight from one another.
A warm-up forum titled ‘Contemporary Women's Literature and Culture in Pakistan’ was organized during the Tianfu book fair, aiming to help the Chinese readers better understand Pakistani culture and women’s writing.
"As one of the birthplaces of ancient civilization, Pakistan has a rich history and cultural resources. These two books take readers on an exhilarating culture journey through the aesthetics of Pakistani poetry and literature. The books can also serve as a gateway for Chinese readers to better understand Islamic culture " Xiao Jianmei, Researcher from China Center for South Asia studies, Sichuan University commented during the warm-up forum.
Deng Aili, chief editor of ‘I Can Still Live Like the Wind：Pakistani Women’s Writing’ said that“The stories in this collection mostly deal with ordinary people's daily lives in Pakistan, and the writing style is exquisite, expressing the observations and thoughts of modern female writers in Pakistan.”
She further stated that the book's publication aims to promote literary communication between China and Pakistan, and to meet Chinese readers' desire to understand Pakistani women's literature.
supercat
Major
7 deaths in November, youngest 81 yo, all with comorbidity.
Mask mandate, mobile vaccination stations, and door-to-door vaccination for the elderly and disabled may be the way to go forward.
A record number of endangered black neck cranes came to a reserve in Yunnan.
Strictly speaking, his contribution was to stop the gradual degradation of the army.
To this day, I am still deeply dissatisfied with Deng's practice of letting the army "making a living on their own".
Someone once did an incredible war game: let China replace the United States in attacking Iraq in 1991.
（The original text has been deleted, which is saved elsewhere）
He mentioned several difficulties faced by PLA at that time in a joking tone：
——The aircraft does not have enough fuel, the flight time is limited（35-40 hours per year, many pilots do not have the ability to fly at night）, and the performance of the fighter is poor.
——The role of the navy is negligible.
——The army can invest as many tanks as Iraq, but the performance is worse.
——Although China has IFV（ZBD-86/BMP-1）, they are all sold to Iraq, and PLA has never purchased them.
——The tank is not enough, only the stored T-34 can be used.
——The worst thing is that most infantry divisions lack training, and they are all busy with business activities.
It is inevitable that such an army without any advantages will suffer humiliation in the 1990s.
I don't like to praise the leaders of the country after Mao too much. Moreover, Jiang was not a widely praised leader, but the reorganization of the army was indeed his merit.
China had shit tons of upgraded Type 59 to fall back on in any case. They were an artillery army, sort of like the Russian army now. During the Sino Vietnamese war, PLA inflicted huge casualties on the enemy using a combination of air/ground recon and massed artillery.
The PLA is really not geared for any wars of aggression. Not even now and certainly not back then. China had and still has the lowest military spending in Asia besides Japan.
The idea of the military was always to defend the homeland from eventual threats. In the 70s this was the USSR and later Vietnam. Now, because of the increased belligerence from America, the military has been expanded to match and exceed them in a defensive war within Asia, but there is still no plans to vastly increase the budget.
If China had plans to invade another country, first it would push budget up to 3%+ at least.
That was not entirely true. Jing single-handedly made 3 monumental contributions to the PLA modernizations.
(1) Jiang ordered PLA stopping any business operations.
This was Deng's sin. He almost ruined PLA's DNA. Jiang literally rescued PLA and in turn rescued CPC.
(2) Jiang personally initiated information drive within PLA.
Jiang was the minister of the electronics industry before being promoted to Shanghai mayor. Many insiders have said that, without Jiang, PLA would not be at today's level in terms of information-oriented modernization.
(3) Jiang personally intervened when AVIC (controlled by old SAC people) almost suffocated CAC particularly on J10 development. Otherwise, we would probably not be able to see J20 as it is today.
So, from discipling to doctrine to armament, Jiang's fundamental contribution to PLA modernization is widely regarded inside PLA.
Probably Jiang's biggest military related contribution.
If you want an explanation, see what's happening with Pakistan's army nowadays which is allowed to do business
Similar to Vietnam, arguably.
The idea that military can help in civilian projects is not bad in itself, the issue is that it can't be a permanent situation.
During the early era of Deng, the economy was not doing well and stimulus was required. By the time of Jiang, it was not needed anymore.
During the early era of Deng, the economy was not doing well and stimulus was required. By the time of Jiang, it was not needed anymore.