Report on EV production found that structural factors like scale and vertical integration are responsible for Chinese cost advantages. Contrary to popular narratives, subsidies accounted for only 5% of the difference.
Bringing these factors together, we estimate that BYD enjoys a per-vehicle cost advantage of roughly $4,700 versus Tesla, Geely around $2,700, and Leapmotor about $2,000. For BYD, this equates to roughly 15% of the Model 3’s sales price (Table 2). The two largest drivers are vertical integration and significantly lower overheads, which together account for at least three-quarters of the cost advantage for all three OEMs. Subsidies matter, but less than often assumed. For BYD, we estimate subsidies account for roughly 5% of the $4,700 cost gap relative to Tesla.

