SDF Aerospace and Aerodynamics Corner

MiG-29

Banned Idiot
Re: J-20... The New Generation Fighter III

Just because it has more advanced equipment does not mean it's harder to build. Regardless, the 20-30 air frames a year is probably an accurate number (anyone want to confirm). However, you have to keep in mind that the J-11 also uses the WS-10, and we have seen many instances of the J-11 with WS-10s already. The J-11 uses two engines to the J-10s one, so if we assumed that they built 30 J-10s and 30 J-11s, that would mean they need 90 WS-10s a year to keep pace with the air frames. 90 turbofans a year sounds like a pretty hard number to keep pace with if you only have one line of production.

Actually, all the examples of new WS-10 equipped J-11s we've seen were inducted airplanes. In that sense, the WS-10s seems clearly ready for regular service.

Keep in mind that not all 123 new AL-31FNs are going into new airplanes. The oldest J-10s are nearly a decade old already, and will probably be in need of re-engining. If this is the first cycle of re-engining for older air frames, presuming that initial production was half the rate of current production (which is an assumption on my part, anyone remember how many J-10s were inducted in its first year?), that means they would need an addition of 15 new turbofans a year. That bumps up the turbofan requirement per year for J-10s to 45, which means 123 new AL-31FNs would last short of 3 years, assuming that the re-engining requirements aren't higher or that they don't intend on further accelerating the J-10's production (which is a distinct possibility given a potential naval variant of the J-10).

2 years is probably the window for the J-10B's induction, and there's no guarantee the WS-10 could ramp up production to fulfill the engining of both old and new air frame by then, though that's probably the target. As a thought experiment lets assume they wanted to re-engine old J-10s with the WS-10 while engining both new J-11s and new J-10s with WS-10s. That would bump up the number of WS-10s per year needed to keep up with engining requirements to 105 turbofans. Then if we presume just 15 old J-11As that need re-engining every year, the number of WS-10s needed every year would bump up to 145. If we add reserve requirements for turbofans, that means they would have to produce more than 145 new WS-10s a year to keep up with the production and maintenance of new and old fighters. That's a pretty tall order if they only have one production line for a turbofan.

This discussion then goes to the 150 new AL-31s (not FNs) orders. That would be enough for 75 flankers, most of which will probably be new, but many of which will also be old air frames that need re-engining. With that in mind, 150 might only be enough turbofans for less than two years. What's interesting to note here is the 150 AL-31 orders cover fewer planes than the AL-31FN orders (due to the J-11 needing two engines for every J-10's one). This seems to imply at least that 150 new AL-31 orders seem insufficient for long term production and maintenance of flanker air frames, excluding the possibility that more flanker lines open up for naval purposes (J-11BHs, J-15s), which would fit well with the idea of splitting engine supply between a WS-10 that's still expanding production and AL-31s that can immediately fulfill supply shortages to prevent bottle-necking of production.

It's unnecessary to assume the WS-10 is a failure simply because more AL-31s are being ordered. Given the number of new turbofans that would be needed to keep up with the production of new air frames and the maintenance of old ones it's unlikely the WS-10 could immediately fulfill demand by itself this early in its production run. Limited production capacity of the WS-10 is a better fit explanation. Otherwise, they wouldn't already be flying J-11s with WS-10s and testing the J-10B with it.



Well, that's certainly an intelligent argument. Clearly, the only way we can say the WS-10 is a success is if China is fielding another indigenous design.

The US had F-110s and F-100s because they needed to keep two defence contractors happy while trying to leverage each company to cut costs (whether that worked or not is another matter). In other words, it has nothing to do with whether the WS-10 is ready, since its clearly being used in new J-11Bs. We have not heard of "another engine" for China because there is no need for some other engine. The J-11s are already flying with the WS-10.

In case you didn't hear the news, here's an inducted J-11B flying with the WS-10
j11bfws10a.jpg



WRT to the F-110 and F-100.
"The F-16 Fighting Falcon entered service powered by the Pratt & Whitney F100 afterburning turbofan. Seeking a way to drive unit costs down, the USAF implemented the Alternative Fighter Engine (AFE) program in 1984, under which the engine contract would be awarded through competition. The F110 currently powers 86% of the USAF F-16C/Ds (June 2005)."

And no, I do not think the J-20 is powered by the WS-15. I was saying the WS-15's success is tied to the WS-10s, not that the J-20 is already flying with the WS-15 (I don't know you concluded that)

Saab AB (SAABB), which won a 3.1 billion Swiss-franc ($3.41 billion) order for 22 Gripen fighter jets this week, will keep competing on price to lure buyers as governments adapt to shrinking budgets, its chief executive officer said.

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You think engines are dipers, and aircraft can change them see the price of only 22 Gripen, how much for 30 J-10s?


“The Air Force says the F-22 cost $44,259 per flying hour in 2008; the Office of the Secretary of Defense said the figure was $49,808. The F-15, the F-22’s predecessor, has a fleet average cost of $30,818.”

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how much do you think it cost to fly J-10s an hour?



China has maintanaince centers to keep those Al-31 working for at least 15 years


“The current cost for a single copy of an F-22 stands at about $137 million. And that number has dropped by 23 percent since Lot 3 procurement, General Lewis said. “The cost of the airplane is going down,” he said. “And the next 100 aircraft, if I am allowed to buy another 100 aircraft… the average fly-away cost would be $116 million per airplane.”

Depending on which “dollar-year” those fly-away cost figures represent, actual amounts may vary, since current year dollars include inflation. Recent budgets suggest current-dollar figures of $150-180 million per plane, but a July 2009 USAF response [PDF] gave the F-22A’s current flyaway cost as $142.6 million each. Over the last few years, Pentagon documents list F-22 budgets as follows:






Boeing (NYSE:BA) said Monday that the national airline of the United Arab Emirates, Etihad Airways, has ordered 10 Boeing 787-9 Dreamliners and two Boeing 777 Freighters, in a deal valued at $2.8 billion.

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The catalogue price of the A330-200 is about $180.9 million.
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latenlazy

Brigadier
Re: J-20... The New Generation Fighter III

Saab AB (SAABB), which won a 3.1 billion Swiss-franc ($3.41 billion) order for 22 Gripen fighter jets this week, will keep competing on price to lure buyers as governments adapt to shrinking budgets, its chief executive officer said.

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You think engines are dipers, and aircraft can change them see the price of only 22 Gripen, how much for 30 J-10s?
Umm. No. I think engines are like anything else. Perishable after a certain amount of time. When they reach their life expectancy, you replace them, and given that the J-10 is a decade old, that means at least a few of their engines have reached life expectancy.

Regardless of how expensive the J-10 is, the 30 a year rate seems about right given observations. (Though someone like Deino who follows this more carefully could either confirm or deny that). You're trying to argue with facts, assuming I got the 30 a year number right.
“The Air Force says the F-22 cost $44,259 per flying hour in 2008; the Office of the Secretary of Defense said the figure was $49,808. The F-15, the F-22’s predecessor, has a fleet average cost of $30,818.”

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how much do you think it cost to fly J-10s an hour?
Not as much as it costs to fly the F-22 obviously. Remember one of the biggest costs of maintenance for the F-22 was its RAM.
China has maintanaince centers to keep those Al-31 working for at least 15 years
Evidence that they could keep them working for 15 years?

The life expectancy of an AL-31 is 3000 hours. Let's say they fly 1 hour a day. That's 3000 days. That's less than 10 years per engine.
 
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MiG-29

Banned Idiot
Re: J-20... The New Generation Fighter III

Umm. No. I think engines are like anything else. Perishable after a certain amount of time. When they reach their life expectancy, you replace them, and given that the J-10 is a decade old, that means at least a few of their engines have reached life expectancy.

Regardless of how expensive the J-10 is, the 30 a year rate seems about right given observations. (Though someone like Deino who follows this more carefully could either confirm or deny that). You're trying to argue with facts, assuming I got the 30 a year number right.

Not as much as it costs to fly the F-22 obviously. Remember one of the biggest costs of maintenance for the F-22 was its RAM.

Evidence that they could keep them working for 15 years?

The life expectancy of an AL-31 is 3000 hours. Let's say they fly 1 hour a day. That's 3000 days. That's less than 10 years per engine.

Joel detailed how in the UK a Typhoon typically flies 24 hours per aircraft per month, whereas in Libya they are notching up 84 hours per month
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Flying Hours. Views on the number of required live flight hours (see Figure
D.1) vary widely. The NATO minimum is 180 hours (15 per month). RAF flying
hours for jet pilots is between 180 and 240 per year (18.5 month on average). Of
these hours, 150 hours (12–14 hours per month; 12.5 on average) are felt to be a
safety-of-flight minimum (instruments, takeoffs, landings). The RAF also feels
the additional increment for military elements of flying (e.g., warfare tactics) is
about three hours per month or 36 per year for a total of 186 annual hours (15.5
hours monthly). The 180–240 hours include all flying (e.g., transit and overhead
flights) not just military elements or high-quality flying, which is estimated at
75–80 percent of the total.
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Easily you have more than 10 years for each Al-31, engines are not nappies
 

Schumacher

Senior Member
Re: J-20... The New Generation Fighter III

......
So do you think they use Al-31s for 5-7 years? do you think a jet that probably is as expensive as a ARJ-21 29 million dollars
...........those 123 engines are for new J-10s, WS-15 is a very ambitous program and J-20 must be as expensive as 2-3 ARJ-21

Yes, Russian engines are not known for long lives.
If from Russian sources, the 123 figure is quite meaningless.
Any new J10s with Al31 are likely to be J10As which can't use WS10, with some maybe for PAF. With Al31's low reliability, you may see higher number of Al31 needed as spares.
 

latenlazy

Brigadier
Re: J-20... The New Generation Fighter III

Joel detailed how in the UK a Typhoon typically flies 24 hours per aircraft per month, whereas in Libya they are notching up 84 hours per month
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Flying Hours. Views on the number of required live flight hours (see Figure
D.1) vary widely. The NATO minimum is 180 hours (15 per month). RAF flying
hours for jet pilots is between 180 and 240 per year (18.5 month on average). Of
these hours, 150 hours (12–14 hours per month; 12.5 on average) are felt to be a
safety-of-flight minimum (instruments, takeoffs, landings). The RAF also feels
the additional increment for military elements of flying (e.g., warfare tactics) is
about three hours per month or 36 per year for a total of 186 annual hours (15.5
hours monthly). The 180–240 hours include all flying (e.g., transit and overhead
flights) not just military elements or high-quality flying, which is estimated at
75–80 percent of the total.
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Quoting tphuang here. I presume the elite forces are piloting J-10s and J-11s.
Easily you have more than 10 years for each Al-31, engines are not nappies
"It's really hard to say how many flight hours they get per year right now. Also as I mentioned, the intensity and the type of training they do is probably more important. I have read that some of the elite forces are getting as many as 200 hours a year, although my guess is that most of the 4th generation pilots are getting less than that (more like in the 160 hours range). The J-7 pilots are getting probably in the 120 to 130 hours a year range if I was to guess."

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" At the rate of approximately 1.5 pilots per aircraft, the PLAAF would have to provide a minimum of 120 to 150 flight hours annually to 4,500–5,000 of its active-duty pilots. Allowing for those employed on staff and headquarters appointments it would mean that at least 4,000 pilots would need regular flight training. A “back-of-the-envelope” calculation would show that to provide 150 hours of flying to 4,000 pilots at 60–70 percent rate of serviceability/availability, the PLAAF fleet would have to fly some 285 to 333 hours per serviceable aircraft per year, or 24 to 28 hours per month—a huge task by any standards. "


While the figures themselves are disputable, the key take away is that flight hour per pilots is not equal to flight hour per plane.

Even if we assume just 240 hours per plane (1.5 times the 160 per pilot figure we got from tphuang) at most that stretches out the AL-31s to 12.5 years. Furthermore, as the engine ages it would be operating at less than 100% capacity. At some point even before it reaches its maximum life expectancy the engine would probably be replaced for performance and safety reasons. Engines may not be nappies, but when they're no longer sufficient for their role we replace them all the same.

Also keep in mind that the engines were ordered in 2011. That means they will take time to deliver (it's not like they snap their fingers and 123 new AL-31FNs magically appear). By the time they are delivered some J-10s will very well need new engines. The oldest J-11s meanwhile were in production three years before the J-10. It could explain why we saw an old J-11A with the WS-10s.
 
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MiG-29

Banned Idiot
Re: J-20... The New Generation Fighter III

Yes, Russian engines are not known for long lives.
If from Russian sources, the 123 figure is quite meaningless.
Any new J10s with Al31 are likely to be J10As which can't use WS10, with some maybe for PAF. With Al31's low reliability, you may see higher number of Al31 needed as spares.

yet China still buys them.


Look, Al-31 are still bought by China for a reason, if not why use them you are simply saying an illogic thing, if WS-10 is more reliable no need for Al-31s, if PLAAF flying hours are near nato is around 180 hrs a year.

But flying hours are expensive specially in J-10s and J-20, those toys are ultra expensive considering average Chinese in one year won`t make the same amount of money to fly an hour on a J-10.

jets are expensives not diapers
 

kroko

Senior Member
Re: J-20... The New Generation Fighter III

yet China still buys them.


Look, Al-31 are still bought by China for a reason, if not why use them you are simply saying an illogic thing, if WS-10 is more reliable no need for Al-31s, if PLAAF flying hours are near nato is around 180 hrs a year.

But flying hours are expensive specially in J-10s and J-20, those toys are ultra expensive considering average Chinese in one year won`t make the same amount of money to fly an hour on a J-10.

jets are expensives not diapers

China buys them because at the time that j-10 was designed (90´s), ws-10 wasnt ready and china could only turn to russia, because of the embargoes. Even today, china can only import engines from russia. But now ws-10 is starting to enter service. Of course j-10a is still designed to use AL-31. Thats why china still buys them.
 

latenlazy

Brigadier
Re: J-20... The New Generation Fighter III

yet China still buys them.


Look, Al-31 are still bought by China for a reason, if not why use them you are simply saying an illogic thing, if WS-10 is more reliable no need for Al-31s, if PLAAF flying hours are near nato is around 180 hrs a year.

But flying hours are expensive specially in J-10s and J-20, those toys are ultra expensive considering average Chinese in one year won`t make the same amount of money to fly an hour on a J-10.

jets are expensives not diapers

Of course they're being bought for a reason, but that doesn't mean they're being bought because the WS-10 is a failure/the AL-31 is better. If you can't produce enough engines it doesn't mean the engine is bad, just that you need something else to fill in the gaps.


But flying hours are expensive specially in J-10s and J-20, those toys are ultra expensive considering average Chinese in one year won`t make the same amount of money to fly an hour on a J-10.

jets are expensives not diapers
Except the Chinese government spends a crap load on the military, is not in debt (...at least the central government isn't), and has to deal with lower input costs (this includes living costs and material costs.). And just because flying jets is expensive doesn't mean they don't fly them. There's already documentation for how many hours each air frame gets.

Jets are expensive, not diapers, but wars are not babies.
 
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MiG-29

Banned Idiot
Re: J-20... The New Generation Fighter III

"It's really hard to say how many flight hours they get per year right now. Also as I mentioned, the intensity and the type of training they do is probably more important. I have read that some of the elite forces are getting as many as 200 hours a year, although my guess is that most of the 4th generation pilots are getting less than that (more like in the 160 hours range). The J-7 pilots are getting probably in the 120 to 130 hours a year range if I was to guess."

Quoting tphuang here. I presume the elite forces are piloting J-10s and J-11s.

" At the rate of approximately 1.5 pilots per aircraft, the PLAAF would have to provide a minimum of 120 to 150 flight hours annually to 4,500–5,000 of its active-duty pilots. Allowing for those employed on staff and headquarters appointments it would mean that at least 4,000 pilots would need regular flight training. A “back-of-the-envelope” calculation would show that to provide 150 hours of flying to 4,000 pilots at 60–70 percent rate of serviceability/availability, the PLAAF fleet would have to fly some 285 to 333 hours per serviceable aircraft per year, or 24 to 28 hours per month—a huge task by any standards. "
http://iis-db.stanford.edu/pubs/12078/phadke.pdf[/URL]
Flight hour per pilots is not equal to flight hour per plane.

Even if we assume just 200 hours per plane at must that stretches out the AL-31s to 12.5 years. Furthermore, as the engine ages it would be operating at less than 100% capacity. At some point even before it reaches its maximum life expectancy the engine would probably be replaced for performance reasons.

Also keep in mind that the engines were ordered in 2011. That means they will take time to deliver (it's not like they snap their fingers and 123 new AL-31FNs magically appear). By the time they are delivered some J-10s will very well need new engines. The oldest J-11s meanwhile were in production three years before the J-10. It could explain why we saw a J-11 with the WS-10.

look do not say fantasies, an hour on a J-10 is very expensive

see MiG-29

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MiG-29 Flight with Ararat Park Hyatt Hotel accommodations in Moscow US$16,180
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Flight duration is approximately 30 minutes

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so 30 minutes for 10000 dollars you dream NATO pilots flying 180-240 hours are from rich countries some have GDP per capita of 38000 dolars China is not as wealthy.


also you are like a Child most air forces extend the life of their aircraft beyond the average, there are forces in south america flying Mirage IIIs or F-5s of 30 years old
 

latenlazy

Brigadier
Re: J-20... The New Generation Fighter III

look do not say fantasies, an hour on a J-10 is very expensive

see MiG-29

MiG-29 Flight Only US$12,590
MiG-29 Flight with Ararat Park Hyatt Hotel accommodations in Moscow US$16,180
MiG-29 Flight with Baltchug Kempinsky Deluxe Hotel accommodations in Moscow US$15,456
•Your flight instructor will be a test-pilot of the Airforce of Russian Federation
Flight duration is approximately 30 minutes

Please, Log in or Register to view URLs content!

so 30 minutes for 10000 dollars you dream NATO pilots flying 180-240 hours are from rich countries some have GDP per capita of 38000 dolars China is not as wealthy.
You're arguing with facts. The numbers are what they are. Besides, per capita is an awfully clumsy way to figure out military costs. Need I remind you that China's military spending is only growing?
also you are like a Child most air forces extend the life of their aircraft beyond the average, there are forces in south america flying Mirage IIIs or F-5s of 30 years old
Getting a bit touchy aren't we? Before you accuse people of being like a child you should learn to read. I pointed out the life expectancy of the engine, not the life expectancy of the air frame. Guess how they keep air frames operating longer? That's right, they replace old and obsolete engines.
 
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