You should look at Israel - Iran missile exchange. Even with incredible missile defense, Israel still has to suffer, because there is no Air Defense that enough to protect your country from a missile barrage.
So yes, China can hit anything that US put into Philippine, but not all of them. The lesson of US vs Houthi in middle east also teach us. Even after bombarded by incredible US air strike, Houthi still can launch missiles and harass US element on the Red Sea. So, as long as Philippine and Japan with US, China have to fight against them first, before they can even touch Guam and Hawaii in a meaningful damage. At the same time, when it happen, US can target China industrial centers, shipyards, and even Chinese weapon industries. Without have to afraid that China can do a missile strike to Lockhead Martin, Northtop and Boeing at the same time.
