Quickie
Colonel
"The per capita measure divided by PPP $GDP per capita" (I'm using your own words here) would then be 2 to 5 times smaller than "The per capita measure divided by $GDP per capita"
That is what I was trying to say.
News on China's scientific and technological development.
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"The per capita measure divided by PPP $GDP per capita" (I'm using your own words here) would then be 2 to 5 times smaller than "The per capita measure divided by $GDP per capita"
That is what I was trying to say.
Hope this is not off-topic, since it's considered high tech for its time (or even today).
17 JULY, 2018 - 12:15
Goujian: The Ancient Chinese Sword that Defied Time
Fifty years ago, a rare and unusual sword was found in a tomb in China. Despite being well over 2,000 years old, the sword, known as the Goujian, did not have a single trace of rust. The blade drew blood when an archeologist tested his finger on its edge, seemingly unaffected by the passage of time. Besides this strange quality, the craftsmanship was highly detailed for a sword made such a long time ago. Regarded as a state treasure in China today, the sword is as legendary to the Chinese people as King Arthur's Excalibur in the West.
In 1965, archaeologists were carrying out a survey in Hubei province, just 7 km (4 miles) from the ruins of Jinan, capital of the ancient Chu state, when they discovered fifty ancient tombs. During the excavations of the tombs, researchers unearthed the sword of Goujian alongside 2,000 other artifacts.
Discovery of the Goujian
According to the leader of the archeological team responsible for the excavation, it was discovered in a tomb, in a near air-tight wooden box next to a skeleton. The team was stunned when the perfectly preserved bronze sword with scabbard was removed from the box. When it was unsheathed, the blade was revealed to be untarnished despite being buried in damp conditions for two millennia. A test conducted by the archaeologists showed that the blade could easily cut a stack of twenty pieces of paper.
Sword of Goujian, Hubei Provincial Museum ( )
Jian swords
The Sword of Goujian is one of the earliest known Jian swords, a double-edged straight sword used during the last 2,500 years in China. Jian swords are among the earliest sword types in China and are closely associated with Chinese mythology. In Chinese folklore, it is known as "The Gentleman of Weapons" and is considered one of the four major weapons, along with the staff, spear, and the sabre.
One iron and two bronze Jian swords from the Chinese Warring states period ( )
Relatively short compared to similar historical pieces, the Gouijan sword is a bronze sword with a high concentration of copper, making it more pliant and less likely to shatter. The edges are made of tin, making them harder and capable of retaining a sharper edge. There are also small amounts of iron, lead and sulfur in the sword, and research has revealed a high proportion of sulfur and sulfide cuprum, which gives the sword its rustproof quality. Black rhombic etchings cover both sides of the blade and blue glaze and turquoise is imbedded on the sword handle. The grip of the sword is bound by silk while the pommel is composed of 11 concentric circles. The sword measures 55.7 cm long (21.9 in), including an 8.4 cm (3.3 in) handle hilt, and has a 4.6 cm (1.8 in) wide blade. It weighs 875 grams (30.9) oz.
The turquoise can be seen embedded in the sword ’s handle ( )
... Continued...
Deciphering the inscription
On one side of the blade, two columns of text are visible with eight characters, near the hilt, that are in ancient Chinese script. The script, known as "鸟虫文" (literally "'birds and worms' characters") is characterized by intricate decorations to the defining strokes, and is a variant of zhuan that is very difficult to read. Initial analyses deciphered six of these eight characters. They read, "越王" (King of Yue) and "自作用剑" ("made this sword for (his) personal use"). The remaining two characters are likely the name of the king.
Deciphering the scripts on the Sword of Goujian ( )
From its birth in 510 BC to its demise at the hands of Chu in 334 BC, nine kings ruled Yue, including Goujian, Lu Cheng, Bu Shou, and Zhu Gou, among others. The identity of the king that owned the sword sparked debate among archaeologists and Chinese language scholar. After more than two months, the experts formed a consensus that the original owner of the sword was Goujian (496 – 465 BC), making the sword around 2,500 years old.
King Goujian of Yue ( )
Goujian was a famous emperor in Chinese history who reigned over the Yue State during the Spring and Autumn Period (771 - 476 BC). This was a time marked by chaos within the Zhou Dynasty and takes its name from the Spring and Autumn Annals, which chronicled this period. The Spring and Autumn Period was renowned for military expeditions; these conflicts led to the perfecting of weapons to the point that they were incredibly resistant and deadly, taking years to forge and lasting for centuries. The story of Goujian and Fuchai, King of the Wu state, contending for hegemony is famous throughout China. Although Goujian’s kingdom was initially defeated by the State of Wu, Goujian would lead his army to victory 10 years later.
Unique properties
Besides its historic value, many scholars have wondered how this sword could have remained rust-free in a humid environment, for more than 2,000 years, and how the delicate decorations were carved into the sword. The sword of Goujian is still as sharp today as when it was originally crafted, and not a single spot of rust can be found on the body today.
The Goujian sword is as sharp today as it was over two millennia ago ( )
Researchers analyzed ancient bronze shards in the hope of finding a way to replicate the technology used to create the sword. They found that the sword is resistant to oxidation as a result of sulphation on the surface of the sword. This, combined with an air-tight scabbard, allowed the legendary sword to be found in such pristine condition.
Tests also show that the sword-smiths of the Wu and Yue regions in Southern China during the Spring and Autumn Period reached such a high level of metallurgy that they were able to incorporate rust-proof alloys into their blades, helping them survive the ages relatively unblemished.
Sword Damaged
In 1994, the Sword of Goujian was loaned for display in Singapore. As a workman was removing the sword from its case at the conclusion of the exhibition, he knocked the weapon, causing a 7mm-long crack. The damage caused uproar in China and it was never allowed outside the country again. It is now kept at the Hubei Provincial Museum.
Deciphering the inscription
On one side of the blade, two columns of text are visible with eight characters, near the hilt, that are in ancient Chinese script. The script, known as "鸟虫文" (literally "'birds and worms' characters") is characterized by intricate decorations to the defining strokes, and is a variant of zhuan that is very difficult to read. Initial analyses deciphered six of these eight characters. They read, "越王" (King of Yue) and "自作用剑" ("made this sword for (his) personal use"). The remaining two characters are likely the name of the king.
Deciphering the scripts on the Sword of Goujian ( )
From its birth in 510 BC to its demise at the hands of Chu in 334 BC, nine kings ruled Yue, including Goujian, Lu Cheng, Bu Shou, and Zhu Gou, among others. The identity of the king that owned the sword sparked debate among archaeologists and Chinese language scholar. After more than two months, the experts formed a consensus that the original owner of the sword was Goujian (496 – 465 BC), making the sword around 2,500 years old.
King Goujian of Yue ( )
Goujian was a famous emperor in Chinese history who reigned over the Yue State during the Spring and Autumn Period (771 - 476 BC). This was a time marked by chaos within the Zhou Dynasty and takes its name from the Spring and Autumn Annals, which chronicled this period. The Spring and Autumn Period was renowned for military expeditions; these conflicts led to the perfecting of weapons to the point that they were incredibly resistant and deadly, taking years to forge and lasting for centuries. The story of Goujian and Fuchai, King of the Wu state, contending for hegemony is famous throughout China. Although Goujian’s kingdom was initially defeated by the State of Wu, Goujian would lead his army to victory 10 years later.
Unique properties
Besides its historic value, many scholars have wondered how this sword could have remained rust-free in a humid environment, for more than 2,000 years, and how the delicate decorations were carved into the sword. The sword of Goujian is still as sharp today as when it was originally crafted, and not a single spot of rust can be found on the body today.
The Goujian sword is as sharp today as it was over two millennia ago ( )
Researchers analyzed ancient bronze shards in the hope of finding a way to replicate the technology used to create the sword. They found that the sword is resistant to oxidation as a result of sulphation on the surface of the sword. This, combined with an air-tight scabbard, allowed the legendary sword to be found in such pristine condition.
Tests also show that the sword-smiths of the Wu and Yue regions in Southern China during the Spring and Autumn Period reached such a high level of metallurgy that they were able to incorporate rust-proof alloys into their blades, helping them survive the ages relatively unblemished.
Sword Damaged
In 1994, the Sword of Goujian was loaned for display in Singapore. As a workman was removing the sword from its case at the conclusion of the exhibition, he knocked the weapon, causing a 7mm-long crack. The damage caused uproar in China and it was never allowed outside the country again. It is now kept at the Hubei Provincial Museum.
Hendrik_2000
Lieutenant General
Here is the story of how China independently developed Carbon fiber industry by a private company.founded by Zhang Guoliang an engineer who in the 70 bought a bankrupt textile factory and turn it profitable . He then embark on the quest developing carbon fiber but does not know how to do it . He went to visit every research institute and university to learn the technology .But get ridicule and put down.But he persist .he then went to foreign country to buy the equipment but denied the request.Since carbon fiber is strategic material for aerospace.fighter jet and even tank
Yet he persist assembling expert from all over China and He decide to built the machinery himself. With no "go by" they have to do it by trial and Error and shear hard work built on set set back and keep going
That is how China beat the embargo on carbon fiber So it is metaphor you cannot beat Chinese people determination to succeed. And yes it take along time to develop if you don't have the technology and has to create it from scratch
Yet he persist assembling expert from all over China and He decide to built the machinery himself. With no "go by" they have to do it by trial and Error and shear hard work built on set set back and keep going
That is how China beat the embargo on carbon fiber So it is metaphor you cannot beat Chinese people determination to succeed. And yes it take along time to develop if you don't have the technology and has to create it from scratch
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Hendrik_2000
Lieutenant General
Unmanned car development
Hendrik_2000
Lieutenant General
City planning, urban development and greenbelt in China
Jura The idiot
General
Correction:
The person in the story.
The company in the story.
In the youtube video, it does say "民营" which can be loosely translated to "public owned" in English. However, in the company's own introduction it's controlling stake is in the hand of 中国建材集团 CNBM (China National Building Material Group Corp.) See Also, see the logo of the two, they are the same.
In Chinese term "民营" is legally "publicly traded cooperate limited". Many of the so called "SOE" are such companies. You can buy 100 shares of ICBC (the largest bank of the world) in open market, but ICBC is still dictated by the state, call it "private" as you wish.
To summarize, the company in the story is a kind of SOE in the modern sense (shares traded in market), the state is the controlling share holder of it. It is an extreme stretch to call it a "private" company and attributing its achievement to a person.
I appreciate your enthusiasm of spreading the achievement of China, I am proud for everything like this, regardless who did it. BUT, please stop taking the credit from the SOEs or CCP for your own "hatred" or bias of communism or socialism, please stop exaggerating the "strength", "advantage" or "working ethics of private businessman" at the expense of "stolen" credit of other people's hard honest work.
There is no indication that the company in the story was founded by an SOE. Its controlling stakeholder today may indeed be an SOE, but this does not mean it started out as a state initiative. Some credit for this company's achievements has to be given to private investment.
Also, I do not believe anyone would call ICBC a "民营企业". There is a clear distinction between "民营" and when you add "国有" before it in "国有民营企业". Your translation of "民营" as "public owned" is very misleading. "Public" carries the connotation of terms such as "public hospitals" and "public schools" in English. "民营" on its own is commonly used to refer to companies that are widely understood to be privately run. It has no strict legal definition on its own; the definition "publicly traded cooperate limited" is certainly not of 民营. Nobody would not refer to Xiaomi as 民营.
This is true, the company was established in 2005, CNBM invested in 2007 and with it started the production line. Some credit should go to the person, but it does not change the fact that, only with the SOE joining, the company become what it is today. I never rejected the funder's contribution, but I only argue against the attempt of taking away the credits of others for a fixated mind-set or ideology.
see "development of the company"
- ICBC is certainly not 民营企业, I only used it as an analoge to counter the seemly claim "just because there is private shares, it becomes private".
- No, I have not seen the term 国有民营企业.
- My translation of "民营" as "public owned" was loosely, if you read again, because there is no strict term between the language.
- If as you said, ""民营" on its own is commonly used to refer to companies that are widely understood to be privately run", then the company is simply not private, but a true SOE against the claim in #4394 that I was replying. I must also say that the fault may be on the shoulder of the video program for some reason.
- "the definition "publicly traded cooperate limited" is certainly not of 民营, this is certainly the reason why I said there is no strict translation." So we have to look at the share holding structure rather than lumping everything to "private" or equate 民营 to private.