In this recent paper , in the key technologies section, the first thing they talk about is the need for more capable reusable cislunar cargo spacecrafts. Interestingly they've also identified cryo management/zero-boiloff(ZBO) and refueling as an area that requires urgent breakthroughs. Actually there seems to be putting a lot of effort into this recently.Maybe I missed these when they were first posted, but this is the first time I've seen confirmation the crash stage + lander architecture was intended for lander reuse in combination with a earth-moon shuttle.
I suspect we'll see more of spacecraft proposals in the future, taking advantage of new rocket capabilities but also exploring new technologies like and that reduce propellent usage for LEO-LLO transfers.
does not seem to be capable enough yet to support extended lunar surface/subterranean habitation although they are making good progress in this area. Beihang university conducted many multi-month and year-long experiments using four-level bioregenerative system (plants, animals, microorganisms, and humans). There are other concerns too like lunar dust, temp, radiation, in-situ etc. There's a lot of literature on this and they are clearly thinking deeply about this problem:So, it seems like they are pushing back lunar habitation by a good 10 years? I thought we were expecting crewed habitations as soon as 2035.
As expected, survival training to mimic lunar lava tube operations, led by veteran taikonaut Ye Guangfu, part of ILRS vision for underground lunar habitats where lava tubes provide natural shielding against radiation.