Don't underestimate the US.
US household wealth hits record despite coronavirus pandemic
American households' collective net worth climbed nearly 7% in the April-June quarter to $119T
Median U.S. household income rises 6.8% to $68,700 in 2019, poverty rate falls for fifth year
As far as the pandemic, it's mostly older people dying so it won't really have an impact on the US demographic profile in the long run. These older people are mostly no longer workers and were just a drag on the economy. Sure it's wrong, but it's not going to weaken the US. Also, the leadership of the US can just blame China no matter how bad it is, so it won't damage them either. The worse it is, the more China is hated, that's all it means.
You missed the point; you're looking at details and forgoing the big picture. And even the details are there for you to gloat about only because the US government manipulated stocks and gave out trillions of dollars in hand outs. (And by the way, it's so sad and paints such a frail picture that $1,200 in handouts had such a big effect on American family net worth.)
The damage from the pandemic to the US is firstly, the GDP contraction, which it will eventually recover from, but it buys China time to grow more. By the time the US recovers, where will China be? Not where it was at the beginning of the pandemic, that's for sure.
Secondly, old or young, 200,000 deaths is nothing in a population of 330 million; it's the incompetence that the world sees in America that is the damage. And that is amid a backdrop of Chinese success. Even Americans overwhelmingly lack confidence in their leadership and see the blame as a ploy to distract against their own failures. Americans should hate China and Chinese should hate America; that's a superpower rivalry, not a basketball game among friends so no love lost there.
Finally is the biological damage. Long term damage in young people who were affected and survived is going to be a drag on the health system and on their lives. There are people with permanent brain and organ damage from the oxygen depravation who will spend the rest of their lives not chasing dreams or innovating but finding ways to get by and live in less pain. With such a huge infected population, America's got its hands full with these fellas.
Nobody expects COVID to be the magic bullet that slays the US. But it's a hurdle, one that China cleared with flying colors but made the US eat pavement. So the competition is very much on, but it gave China a legs up and depleted America's edge, and America is desperately clinging to its ever-thinning edge like the Cookie Monster to his last bag of Nabiscos.