News on China's scientific and technological development.

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The high-speed railway from Wuhan to Guangzhou, capital of south China's Guangdong Province, was connected to the existing high-speed railway linking Guangzhou with Shenzhen. With the opening of the new route on Sunday, passengers only need to spend over four hours travelling from Shenzhen to Wuhan by the bullet train.

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Chinese astronomers said on Sunday that they had finished a new catalog with over 130,000 galaxy clusters.

Galaxy clusters are known as the largest gravitationally bound objects in the universe.

The previously biggest catalog, which contains 69,173 clusters, was published in 2011 by American scientists.

The new 132,684-cluster catalog was also identified from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) data, according to a Sunday statement from the National Astronomical Observatories (NAO) under the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

The discovery of more clusters would contribute to the researches on dark matter and large scale structure of the universe, said the NAO statement.

It also noted that the finding has been published on the latest issue of the Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series (ApJS).
 
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The Aizhai Bridge opens today. It is a suspension bridge on the G65 Baotou–Maoming Expressway near Jishou, Hunan, China.
With a main span of 1,146 metres (3,760 ft) and a deck height of 350 metres (1,150 ft),[2] it is the sixth-highest bridge in the world and the world's twelfth-longest suspension bridge. Of the world's 400 or so highest bridges, none has a main span as long as Aizhai. It is also the world's highest and longest tunnel-to-tunnel bridge. Construction started in Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in Hunan Province in October 2007.

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China has developed its first system designed to provide early warning of dangers in coal mines, the National Science and Technology Department announced on Thursday.

After passing expert review, it has now been put into operation in three mines in northwestern China's Shanxi povince.

The system provides all-day data and gives four levels of warning, according to Song Jiancheng, head of the research team.

Scores of sensors, deployed underground, collect data on factors including temperature and gas density which can be used to predict the likelihood of floods, explosions and other dangers.The information is transmitted to a control center above ground for processing and production of reports.

China tops the world for coal production. However, frequent accidents have aroused safety concerns both at home and abroad.

As a result, China has issued a national outline to enlist the help of pre-warning technology in ensuring public safety before 2020.

The system will dramatically cut the risk of accidents for coal miners, according to Song.

"But it requires further improvement to have clearer analysis before it is applied in other coal mines nationwide," he added.
 
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Samsung Electronics vice chairman Choi Ji-sung has confessed to feeling “nervous” about the performance of Chinese companies. “They’re doing the same things we were ten years ago,” Choi explained.

Choi made the comments while attending the 2012 Mobile World Congress last month in Barcelona. At the event, the Samsung Electronics booth was sandwiched between Chinese firms ZTE and Huawei. Chinese companies that had been absent from the exhibition a few years before were now occupying center stage.

ZTE and Huawei ranked fifth and sixth in worldwide mobile phone sales for 2012, coming in behind Nokia, Samsung, Apple, and LG. ZTE passed LG in sales for 4Q11.

Competitive prices and rapid technological improvement are behind the Chinese companies’ swift ascent. China now holds 903 patents for the Long Term Evolution 4G mobile communications technology, putting it third behind the US’s 1,904 and South Korea’s 1,124.

China has been rapidly narrowing the technological gap with South Korea, not just in information and communications but in most areas. A Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade (KIET) brief on March industry trends Monday showed the technology gap between South Korean manufacturers and Chinese ones to be 3.7 years. The gap has been steadily narrowing since KIET conducted its first such study in 2002, falling from 4.7 years then to 4.0 in 2004 and 3.8 in 2007. At this rate, it has narrowed by roughly one year every decade. The latest study examined 628 small, medium, and large companies between June and October of 2011.

The gap was smallest in information and communications at 2.9 years, and largest in light industries at 4 years. The results suggest far faster progress by Chinese businesses in cutting-edge industry. In particular, the technology gap in the area of semiconductors was just 2.4 years.

An R&D director at one South Korean cell phone company said, “The Chinese companies have been coming on strong and are now a threat.

"Since everyone but Apple uses the same Google Android operating system for smartphones, the late-starting Chinese businesses have fewer technological elements to deal with, which has narrowed the technology gap," the director explained.

The number of companies surveyed who reported China being even or ahead in technology was also up sharply from 8.4% in 2007 to 13.8% in 2011. And while the number saying South Korea was five to six years ahead of China was up slightly by 1.4 percentage points from four years before. The number giving South Korea as being three to four years ahead was down fully 5.2 percentage points to 30%. KIET associate research fellow Lee Won-bok, who supervised the study, said, "The problem is that China is catching up with us far faster than South Korea is narrowing the technology gap with the global standard.

“Another big factor is that our technology is focused too much on production and development with an eye to commercialization and short-term effects, and we’ve neglected basic and original technology,” Lee added.

An analysis last year had South Korean manufacturers’ technology level at 81.3% of the world’s best, up slightly from the 79.7% recorded in 2002.
 
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Chen Jianhua, Mayor of Guangzhou, headed a delegation to Changsha, Hunan Province. The delegation visited leaders of the National University of Defense Technology (NUDT),exchanging ideas on matters concerning jointly developing the new-generation supercomputer system. Hopefully, the pilot unit of the supercomputer will be able to go into operation at Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU) in April and Guangzhou Supercomputer Center (GSC)will be inaugurated simultaneously, said Chen, adding Guangzhou will, together with all quarters, build and apply the center properly to promote economic transformation and benefit people's livelihood.

Guangzhou will strive to put into operation the pilot system of the supercomputer in April and inaugurate GSC at SYSU simultaneously, with the aim of building a world leading supercomputer center by late 2015. According to sources, the new-generation high-performance computer system, jointly developed by NUDT and cooperative parties in Guangdong, will be named "Tianhe II", with the aim of making it run more than 100,000 trillion calculations per second by late 2015, more than 10 times the speed of currently the world's fastest "K" system of Japan and more than20 times the speed of currently China's fastest supercomputer in Tianjin. Then, "Tianhe II" will become a world top supercomputer.Now, SYSU and the Guangzhou Municipal Government are working on GSC siting and construction plan selection. According to a person in charge of Bureau of Science and Information Technology of Guangzhou Municipality, the total investment will amount to some RMB 2.4billion yuan, including the cost of computer R &D and the cost of civil construction.

In the future, GSC will become a storage and control center for urban information service and data service, the expert said. After the supercomputer center is established, the video taken by surveillance cameras in the city may be stored for long periods of time without being destroyed regularly. Mass data, such as personal data on social security, medical security and endowment insurance, can also be stored in GSC.
 
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Physicists have recently devised a new method for handling the effect of the interplay between vibrations and electrons on electronic transport. Their paper is about to be published in EPJ B.

This study, led by scientists from Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, and the Centre for Computational Science and Engineering at the National University of Singapore, could have implications for quantum computers due to improvements in the transport of discrete amounts of information, known as qubits, that are encoded in electrons.

The authors created an electron transport model to assess electrons' current fluctuations when they are subjected to quantized modes of vibration, also known as phonons.

In the model, phonons are induced by a nanomechanical resonator. To better monitor electron transport, it is coupled to a system that was chosen for its ability to confine one or several electrons, called double quantum dot (DQD).

Unlike previous studies, this work imposed arbitrary strong coupling regimes between electrons in the DQD and the phonons produced by the resonator. The authors successfully controlled the excitations of the phonons without impacting the transport of quantum information.

To do so, they decoupled the electron-phonon interaction by the so-called coherent phonon states method, which is based on reaching resonance modes of phonons.

They have shown that when the energy excess between the two quantum dots of the DQD system is sufficient to create an integer number of phonons, electrons can reach resonance and tunnel from one quantum dot to the other.

In strong electron-phonon coupling regimes, multi-phonon excitations can thus enhance the electron transport.As the electron-phonon coupling becomes even stronger, the phenomenon of phonon scattering represses electron transport and confines the electrons.

The fluctuations of electron current could therefore be controlled by tuning the electron-phonon coupling, which makes it a good quantum switch to control the transport of information in quantum computers.
 
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China's wind market bubble will deflate as the industry enters the worst year in its history, said the Spanish wind turbine maker Gamesa.

"The first half of 2012 is the worst time in the last four years, triggering a faster industry consolidation," said Jorge Calvet, chairman of the company.

Even though China consolidated its position as the world's wind power leader in both newly and cumulative installed capacities in 2011, with 18 gigawatts of wind turbines installed, that was down 6.9 percent year-on-year.

As a result of the slowdown, Gamesa received no orders in the first quarter of 2012.

"We will see even faster deflation in the first half of 2013," Calvet said.

The Spanish turbine maker is the only wind company that recorded higher profits in 2011.

China's wind industry has excessive capacity, going from 10 to 12 manufacturers in 2005 to more than 85 in 2011, according to Calvet.

Li Junfeng, director of the China Renewable Energy Industries Association, said China's wind power industry encountered many difficulties in 2011, including slower wind farm construction and many accidents in the sector, but nevertheless managed to overcome all the hardships and demonstrated excellent performance by the end of the year.

In addition, quality issues last year led to the disconnection of 702 wind turbines from the power grid in the city of Jiuquan in Gansu province and 644 wind turbines in Zhangjiakou, Hebei province.

Since then, China has attached greater importance to wind turbine quality.

"We see a shift in profits from manufacturing to services and maintenance," said Calvet.

Gamesa plans to bring its first G10 model, a 4.5 mW wind turbine, to China this year and is currently in the process of site selection.

Ninety-five percent of the components used in its 2 mW model, which is manufactured in Tianjin, are procured in China.

Foreign turbine makers, apart from GE, occupied a smaller market share in newly installed capacity in 2011.

Vestas dropped from the sixth place in 2010 to eighth place in 2011. It had 661.9 mW of wind turbines installed in China in 2011, holding 3.8 percent of the Chinese market.

GE climbed from 14th place in 2010 to 11th place in 2011. It had 408.5 mW of turbines installed in China in 2011, taking a 2.3 percent market share.

Gamesa rose from eighth to fourth place, and had a global market share of 8.2 percent, according to the Danish consultancy BTM Consult.

China's cumulative wind power capacity amounted to 62.4 gW, up 39.4 percent year-on-year, by the end of 2011.
 
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Samsung Electronics vice chairman Choi Ji-sung has confessed to feeling “nervous” about the performance of Chinese companies. “They’re doing the same things we were ten years ago,” Choi explained.

Choi made the comments while attending the 2012 Mobile World Congress last month in Barcelona. At the event, the Samsung Electronics booth was sandwiched between Chinese firms ZTE and Huawei. Chinese companies that had been absent from the exhibition a few years before were now occupying center stage.

ZTE and Huawei ranked fifth and sixth in worldwide mobile phone sales for 2012, coming in behind Nokia, Samsung, Apple, and LG. ZTE passed LG in sales for 4Q11.

Competitive prices and rapid technological improvement are behind the Chinese companies’ swift ascent. China now holds 903 patents for the Long Term Evolution 4G mobile communications technology, putting it third behind the US’s 1,904 and South Korea’s 1,124.

China has been rapidly narrowing the technological gap with South Korea, not just in information and communications but in most areas. A Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade (KIET) brief on March industry trends Monday showed the technology gap between South Korean manufacturers and Chinese ones to be 3.7 years. The gap has been steadily narrowing since KIET conducted its first such study in 2002, falling from 4.7 years then to 4.0 in 2004 and 3.8 in 2007. At this rate, it has narrowed by roughly one year every decade. The latest study examined 628 small, medium, and large companies between June and October of 2011.

The gap was smallest in information and communications at 2.9 years, and largest in light industries at 4 years. The results suggest far faster progress by Chinese businesses in cutting-edge industry. In particular, the technology gap in the area of semiconductors was just 2.4 years.

An R&D director at one South Korean cell phone company said, “The Chinese companies have been coming on strong and are now a threat.

"Since everyone but Apple uses the same Google Android operating system for smartphones, the late-starting Chinese businesses have fewer technological elements to deal with, which has narrowed the technology gap," the director explained.

The number of companies surveyed who reported China being even or ahead in technology was also up sharply from 8.4% in 2007 to 13.8% in 2011. And while the number saying South Korea was five to six years ahead of China was up slightly by 1.4 percentage points from four years before. The number giving South Korea as being three to four years ahead was down fully 5.2 percentage points to 30%. KIET associate research fellow Lee Won-bok, who supervised the study, said, "The problem is that China is catching up with us far faster than South Korea is narrowing the technology gap with the global standard.

“Another big factor is that our technology is focused too much on production and development with an eye to commercialization and short-term effects, and we’ve neglected basic and original technology,” Lee added.

An analysis last year had South Korean manufacturers’ technology level at 81.3% of the world’s best, up slightly from the 79.7% recorded in 2002.
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Those achievements are nothing when you can't make steppers. A small embargo could halt everything.
 
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