News on China's scientific and technological development.

luosifen

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China built a 800 meters long rare earth permanent magnetic levitation experimental railway track in Xingguo county, Jiangxi.

Xingguo county is famous in China as the home land of 56 PLA generals in PRC's early history. The experimental train is decorated by 56 red stars to commemorate them.

Permanent magnetic levitation trains do not need to consume energy to float. This experimental train consists of two cars, with a total load capacity of 88 persons. The train has a max speed of 80km per hour.

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There was a livestream of the test run:

 

SanWenYu

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China added a new beef cattle breed, named as "Huaxi Beef (华西牛)".

Matured bulls of Huaxi Beef can grow up to 900kgs in weight while cows can reach 550kgs or above. Carcass weight percentage (屠宰率) is 62.39% in average, net meat weight rate (净肉率) is 53.95%. A culf can gain 1.36kg in weight every day during growth period. These figures are comparable to the top breeds in the world.

It is a major success and milestone for cattle breeding in China. It made breakthrough in genomic selection technologies (全基因组选择技术).

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我国科研工作者育成肉牛新品种“华西牛”​

新华社北京8月9日电(记者于文静)历经43年协同攻关,我国科研工作者育成了具有自主知识产权的肉牛新品种“华西牛”,这将提升肉牛种业竞争力,对于推动产业发展、农牧民增收具有深远意义。
据了解,中国农科院牧医所牛遗传育种科技创新团队组织全国优势育种队伍,持续多年协同攻关,并在多个省份进行示范推广,育成了肉牛新品种“华西牛”。该品种于2021年12月通过国家畜禽遗传资源委员会审定。
据悉,“华西牛”既适应我国牧区、农区及北方农牧交错带,也适应南方草山草坡地区。成年公牛体重达900公斤,成年母牛550公斤以上,屠宰率62.39%,净肉率53.95%,平均育肥期日增重达1.36公斤,主要生产性能达到国际先进水平。
农业农村部种业管理司二级巡视员谢焱表示,“华西牛”是大家畜育种的一个重大代表性成果。在种群性能上,具有生长速度快、适应性强的优势;在核心技术上,实现了全基因组选择技术的突破;在组织机制上,成立了育种联合会并以实体形式运行,有机整合了育种企业、科研机构等优势单位力量。

According to this report by Huanqiu, the project began in 1978. It took the scientists 43 years to get the final result.

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这项成果来之不易。为了选育“华西牛”,我国科学家整整花了43年的时间,历经杂交探索阶段(1978—1993年)、种质创新阶段(1994—2003年)和选育提高(2004年—至今)3个阶段。中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所副所长、牛遗传育种科技创新团队首席李俊雅告诉记者,“华西牛”培育工作起始于1978年,经过43年的杂交改良和持续选育,形成了当前体型外貌一致、生产性能突出、遗传性能稳定的专门化肉用牛新品种——“华西牛”。
 

PopularScience

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China added a new beef cattle breed, named as "Huaxi Beef (华西牛)".

Matured bulls of Huaxi Beef can grow up to 900kgs in weight while cows can reach 550kgs or above. Carcass weight percentage (屠宰率) is 62.39% in average, net meat weight rate (净肉率) is 53.95%. A culf can gain 1.36kg in weight every day during growth period. These figures are comparable to the top breeds in the world.

It is a major success and milestone for cattle breeding in China. It made breakthrough in genomic selection technologies (全基因组选择技术).

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According to this report by Huanqiu, the project began in 1978. It took the scientists 43 years to get the final result.

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hybrid of Simmental and domestic cattle
 

SanWenYu

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hybrid of Simmental and domestic cattle

According to CAAS, the hybrid took quite a few iterations.

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“华西牛”是中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所经过40余年持续选育而成的专门化肉牛新品种,2021年底通过国家品种审定委员会审定。

“华西牛”是以肉用西门塔尔牛为父本,乌拉盖地区(西门塔尔牛×三河牛)与(西门塔尔牛×夏洛来×蒙古牛)组合的杂交后代为母本,经过40余年持续选育而成的专门化肉牛新品种。
 

SanWenYu

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China tops U.S. in quantity and quality of scientific papers​


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The Nikkei Asia piece is paywalled. Here is the Chinese translation by Guancha:
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In short, according to an annual report by the Japanese government, for the first time China is now leading the world in the three key stats of scientific papers in the fields of natural science: total number of papers published, number of papers in the top 10% of most cited citations, and number of papers in top 1%. The US was the only country that had owned all the three key stats before.

China has overpassed the US in the total number and number of top 10% papers since 2 years ago. Chinese scientists now have published 407181 papers in total, more than 100 thousands more than the 293434 papers from the US. 26.6% of all the top 10% papers are from China while 21.1% are from the US.

In comparison, last year, according to the previous version of this Japanese report, in total China had published about 80 thousands more papers than the US had. In the top 10% papers, China had 24.8% while the US had 22.9%. China is now leading more.

Last year China had published 25% of the top 1% papers, approaching to the US which had 27%. This year China has 4744 papers, or 27.%, in the top 1% category while the US has 4330, or 24.9%.

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【文/观察者网 熊超然】据日本《日经新闻》8月10日报道,日本文部科学省下属研究所的最新报告显示,
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中国在“论文总数”以及“被引用次数排名前10%”的高质量科学论文篇数先后超过美国从而跃居全球首位后,今年中国又有一项超美:在被引用次数排名前1%的“顶尖论文”篇数上也首次超过美国,位列世界第一。

报道指出,从数量上到质量上,这意味着在有关自然科学领域研究论文的全部三项关键代表性指标中,中国实现“三冠王”,此前只有美国能够做到这一点。
据报道,科学类论文篇数是衡量一个国家研究活动情况的基本指标,日本文部科学省下属的科学技术·学术政策研究所根据英国调查公司科睿唯安(Clarivate)的数据,分析了主要国家的论文篇数等情况。由于波动巨大,得出的是按三年(2018年至2020年)平均计算的2019年数据。

研究论文被其他研究人员引用的次数越多,就被认为质量越高,被引用次数排名前1%的论文可称之为“顶尖论文”,是相关领域中最卓越的研究成果。在此次日本的研究数据上,中国的“顶尖论文”篇数占比为27.2%(4744篇),首度超过占24.9%(4330篇)的美国,且明显超过第三名英国的5.5%。
事实上,在日本去年的调查中,论文被引用次数排名前1%的“顶尖论文”中,当时中国已占据25%,紧逼美国27.2%的占比。日本文部科学省下属的科学技术·学术政策研究所负责人在谈到今后发展趋势时说,“中国现在的发展趋势有超越美国的势头”。

《日经新闻》介绍称,近年来,中国在高端研究领域的发展势头迅猛。在2020年的报告中,中国的科学论文总数超过了美国,而在2021年的报告中,被引用次数排名前10%的高质量科学论文篇数也首度超越美国,跃居全球首位。

在今年的报告中,中国的科学论文总数达407181篇,比美国的293434篇多出10万篇以上,也扩大了两国间去年在此数据上近8万篇的差距。在被引用次数排名前10%的科学论文中,中国占26.6%,美国占21.1%,相较于中美去年分别24.8%和22.9%的占比,中国领先美国的优势也在扩大。
 

Petrolicious88

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View attachment 95272


The Nikkei Asia piece is paywalled. Here is the Chinese translation by Guancha:
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In short, according to an annual report by the Japanese government, for the first time China is now leading the world in the three key stats of scientific papers in the fields of natural science: total number of papers published, number of papers in the top 10% of most cited citations, and number of papers in top 1%. The US was the only country that had owned all the three key stats before.

China has overpassed the US in the total number and number of top 10% papers since 2 years ago. Chinese scientists now have published 407181 papers in total, more than 100 thousands more than the 293434 papers from the US. 26.6% of all the top 10% papers are from China while 21.1% are from the US.

In comparison, last year, according to the previous version of this Japanese report, in total China had published about 80 thousands more papers than the US had. In the top 10% papers, China had 24.8% while the US had 22.9%. China is now leading more.

Last year China had published 25% of the top 1% papers, approaching to the US which had 27%. This year China has 4744 papers, or 27.%, in the top 1% category while the US has 4330, or 24.9%.

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How do they quantify the qualify of the papers? Based on international citations?
 

mossen

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Given the rapidly accelerating growth of STEM graduates in China, expect the gap between China and the US to widen a lot more by 2025 and 2030
It's not just quantity, it's also quality.

pisa 2015 maths.jpg

The US lead in STEM/innovation during recent decades is largely because it massively brain-drained the rest of the world. They are still doing it to countries like Vietnam, India, Philippines but less and less so to China.

I think someone here mentioned that ethnic Chinese make up 25-30% of top AI researchers in the US despite only being maybe 1% of the US population. Imagine what 1.4 billion Chinese will do. We're only in the early stages of this miracle.
 

Strangelove

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Industry leaders call for enhanced 6G research amid rising global competition

By Global Times Published: Aug 10, 2022 09:30 PM


A concept photo of 6G technology Illustration: VCG

A concept photo of 6G technology Illustration: VCG

Chinese telecommunications industry leaders have called for increased research on 6G with independent capabilities and industrial chains based on notable achievements in 5G, as global competition for the next generation network technology heats up and geopolitical risks are on the rise.

Underscoring the rising urgency to study 6G and cement China's lead in 5G, 6G has become a hot topic for discussions at the ongoing 2022 World 5G Convention, which kicked off in Northeast China's Heilongjiang on Wednesday.

Forward-looking research into 6G is of great significance to give full play to China's massive market advantages, build an industrial ecosystem and gain technological dominance, Zhang Ping, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, said on the sidelines of the convention, according to a report on cnstock.com on Wednesday.

Zhang said that 6G is crucial to a new round of technological innovation and industrial revolution, noting that the US, the EU, Japan, South Korea and other countries have been planning 6G in advance.

Metaverse, industrial internet and intelligent healthcare were also hot topics at the event that aims to enumerate the country's 5G development.

As of June, China had built more than 1.85 million 5G base stations, accounting for 17.9 percent of the total number of mobile communication base stations nationwide. The number of 5G mobile users in China reached 455 million, and the number of 5G base stations and users in the country accounted for more than 60 percent of the world totals.

In view of these eye-catching achievements, experts have put at spotlight on the country's 6G development, with some predicting that 6G technology may be commercially available around 2030, as both the domestic and international industries are discussing and researching the standards of 6G.

"Global unified standards are the way to go for 6G, and also the direction of the entire industry's efforts," Wang Jun, vice president of Huawei's wireless network product line and chief scientist of 6G, said during the convention.

Wang noted that the International Telecommunication Union will release the 6G vision next year to build a global consensus on 6G research, and within the next three to four years the industry will conduct research and verification of 6G technology.

Wang noted that almost all countries have made 6G a key strategy, with a lot of national funds invested in 6G research as well as talent training. However, due to geopolitical factors in recent years, protectionism and regional priorities emerged, which are unfavorable for open research.

"In the international competitive environment, China must have independent research capabilities and an independent industrial chain," Wang added.

According to the China Internet Network Information Center, China has become the main source country for 6G patent applications. The number of global patent applications in the field of 6G communication technology has exceeded 38,000, of which China's accounted for 35 percent, ranking first in the world.

Enterprises are also accelerating their forward-looking stances on 6G.

China Mobile has applied for more than 400 6G invention patents, and it has released 18 white papers on 6G technology independently. China Unicom said during its first-half results briefing on Monday that the company is actively laying out 6G key technology directions such as computing network integration, and network and information security, making reserves of 6G technology.

"6G will fully support the digital transformation of society and build a digital world. We should continue to maintain the globalization of 6G standards, carry out related technology research with more energy and increase innovation, with the concepts of openness and cooperation," said Wu Hequan, chairman of the Future Mobile Communications Forum.

Chen Shanzhi, deputy general manager of China Information and Communication Technologies Group Corp (CICT), said that the existing global mobile communication network only covers 20 percent of the land and 6 percent of the ocean, while 6G will achieve the integration of satellite communication and terrestrial mobile communication, using hundreds of low-orbiting satellites to achieve global wide area coverage.
 
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