Unfortunately, the nations surveyed make up a bulk of global economy and have some of the richest markets. So yea, their views matter.
China is horrible at soft power, and has very little cultural appeal even within Asia. This is unfortunate but also true. It is also easy for western media to counter Chinese narratives due to public mistrust of Chinese media.
China cannot expect to become the dominant power in the world without causing hate and anger in the current dominant power which is not just US but the alliance of european-european settled countries along with their vassals in east Asia who are happy to be of an inferior status as long as they are allowed to be rich.
China will have to break their dominance with brute force of sheer size. China's population is bigger than US-EU and East asian vassals combined. So, it can beat them all once it rises to be a rich country as well. Then its GDP will be bigger than all of them combined.
The bigger China gets in GDP, the higher some of those countries will depend on China for their economy. Sooner or later that alliance will be completely ineffective as certain countries start to become more China friendly. This is already happening with Italy and Spain and many other Eastern European countries being much more China friendly. These EU countries are also poorer and have benefitted less from EU and have a lot resentment against the northern European countries.
As China keeps growing it will become the catalyst that will break apart EU unity and create two sides. That will enable China with more access to the friendly EU countries.
Another factor is that those ruling powers make a tiny minority of world population of 7.8 billion people. And the rest of the world is rising in economy too. China will have to be strong enough to rise while completely cutoff from the current ruling class and rely on the rest of the world's 6 billion people.
As the rest of the world grows, they will have their own desire for recognition. This desire will fuel tension with the ruling class. A strong Turkey for example, is becoming a headache for EU. As time passes, Egypt, Algeria could become headaches. Then there is Russia already anti-EU.
In Latin America, a richer Mexico and Brazil will be a huge threat to US. They have no desire to live under US domination and as their wealth and power grows, they will become even more China friendly.
Finally there is Australia and Vietnam, they will need to start worrying about a powerful Indonesia that is rising nearby. Australia will never be happy with a powerful and muslim Indonesia nearby, that will become its primary concern.
Japan and Korea counter each other in hatred and hostility.
China will use their regional rivals and strengthen them to balance them out. Ultimately China will become the neutral arbiter that is above those petty conflicts and become the benign ruling hegemon that manages the world.