Chinese semiconductor industry

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Alb

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TSMC does not need to produce the lithograph because it has the soft power to get it without producing it. So it can focus on its core competency which is absolutely correct. SMIC on the other hand must produce the lithograph because it cannot get it due to China's bad relations with the West. But it cannot.

You are right that it has old and wrong information and SMIC is not 4-5 years behind TSMC. It is 15 years behind TSMC because all of Dr. Liang's designs and even its 14nm and mature node products cannot be produced without Western equipment. Dr. Liang's work has basically been entirely wasted. The article was too generous to SMIC.
The West does not exist. It is the US empire imposing its will and bullying the so called allies. A recent poll showed that 80% of Germans have a negative view of the US. With regard to technology the US has lost its edge. 20 years ago the US had a clear lead in semiconductor now Taiwan and Korea are ahead. The EUVL is from a Dutch company with a small share of US originated technolgies. As I said before we are witnessing the twylight of the US empire comparable to the British Empire immediately after WWII!
 

PiSigma

"the engineer"
Well the 8080 came out in 1974 and China was able to clone it by 1978... China was only four years behind then, unlike being 15+ years behind now. Amazing to think that despite all of China's economic growth it has actually lost ground since 1978.
15+ years behind? How do you get these numbers?

I certainly don't remember having 7nm chips 15 years ago.... I remember pentium 4
 

PiSigma

"the engineer"
China's semiconductor task is nigh impossible:

"The manufacturing chain for any given semiconductor is extraordinarily complex and relies on as many as 300 different inputs, including raw wafers, commodity chemicals, specialty chemicals, and bulk gases; all
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and
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by
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of 50 different types of processing and testing tools. Those tools and materials are sourced from around the world, and are typically highly engineered. Further, most of
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in semiconductor manufacturing, such as
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and metrology machines, rely on complex supply chains that are also highly optimized, and incorporate hundreds of different companies delivering modules, lasers, mechatronics, control chips, optics, power supplies, and more. The “installed base” within a semiconductor factory today represents the cumulation of hundreds of thousands of person-years of R&D development. The manufacturing process that integrates them into a single manufacturing chain could represent hundreds of thousands more.

The types of products for which these manufacturing processes are designed are nearly as varied as the manufacturing inputs themselves. There are at least 20 major semiconductor product categories (from optical sensors to battery management modules to CPUs) and each category usually contains hundreds of different stock keeping units—distinct items for sale—for specialized applications. This complexity leads to a large market filled with myriad niches, in which specialized world-class companies have built defensible market positions through decades of targeted research and development.

Complexity also makes semiconductors a winner-take-all industry. The top one or two players in any given niche—whether a small one, such as furnaces, or a giant one, such as server CPUs—
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all the economic profits in that niche due to scale, learning efficiencies, and high switching costs for customers. It is rare to see newcomers break into these oligopoly positions. For instance, the market leader in graphics processing units (GPUs), Nvidia,
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the segment in 1999 and never relinquished its lead. While China has early-stage startups in the GPU segment, its market share is essentially zero. TSMC, based in Taiwan, was the first dedicated competitor in the foundry segment and has not relinquished its lead in its 33-year history. Indeed, SMIC, China’s leading competitor in the foundry segment,
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four or five years behind TSMC in technology, despite almost two decades of investment."

Even if China succeeds in becoming 100% independent, it will still fail, because:

For one thing, the economics of an “only in China for China” supply chain do not work. Even if Chinese companies at each stage of the value chain win 80% of potential business from every potential Chinese customer, Chinese companies would collectively generate less than 15% of the industry’s overall R&D capacity—and likely less as prices in China tend to be lower, leaving less profit to re-invest in R&D. Such an indigenization strategy would still leave China behind the rest of the world: How can products developed with 15% of the world’s R&D compete with those from entrenched companies spending collectively far more? Of course, PRC government subsidies can and are closing that funding gap. But keeping such large-scale subsidies in place for the decades required to build the industry would likely generate a set of companies so dependent on government largesse that they may not be commercially viable.

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This is why, at the end of the day, this is not a purely technological or economic problem. China needs allies and good foreign relations abroad so that its companies have access to markets, supplies, talent, and R&D from other countries to reinforce its own. This is not optional; it is mandatory.
Please don't quote Brookings on this forum.... That's like quoting Ron Vara and expect people to not rip you apart.
 

latenlazy

Brigadier
Well the 8080 came out in 1974 and China was able to clone it by 1978... China was only four years behind then, unlike being 15+ years behind now. Amazing to think that despite all of China's economic growth it has actually lost ground since 1978.
...there were also a whole lot more players in 1978, because the level of technological capability and industrial efficiency needed to chase each new leading node kept increasing in difficulty. Amazing to think just how many countries and players “lost” ground as cutting edge became more technically challenging. Today’s leads in the lithography market are far more determined by economic factors than technological capability.
 

latenlazy

Brigadier
Please don't quote Brookings on this forum.... That's like quoting Ron Vara and expect people to not rip you apart.
I mean...even that dude’s economic analysis is kind of...dumb. By his logic the US and the EU shouldn’t be able to have completely self contained aviation stacks, when they basically own the most advanced capabilities almost entirely within their own borders. He doesn’t factor in price effect on global trade and global marketshare when you’ve fully saturated a caprice market of 1 billion domestic customers, nor does he factor in growing base of R&D as the domestic industry increases in size.
 

OppositeDay

Senior Member
Registered Member
For the 'we were not that fall behind in the 80s' sentiment, the hard truth is China was far behind even in the 80s. The well-known science writer Yuan Lanfeng (who moonlights as a computational chemist) explains it well in this video:


According to Yuan, the Chinese yield rates in the 80s were never high enough for industrial scale production. We cannot compare what was basically a series of lab projects with real mass produced product.
 

latenlazy

Brigadier
For the 'we were not that fall behind in the 80s' sentiment, the hard truth is China was far behind even in the 80s. The well-known science writer Yuan Lanfeng (who moonlights as a computational chemist) explains it well in this video:


According to Yuan, the Chinese yield rates in the 80s were never high enough for industrial scale production. We cannot compare what was basically a series of lab projects with real mass produced product.
Which is *exactly* my point. China could make EUV lithographs and cutting edge chips today, just based on what their research output looks like. But it can’t do that at an industrially competitive scale relative to global competition. It’s not the basic technological capabilities but the industrial capability to achieve commercial viability that China needs to achieve. This is a completely doable task. It just takes a lot of time.
 

Mt1701d

Junior Member
Registered Member
TSMC does not need to produce the lithograph because it has the soft power to get it without producing it. So it can focus on its core competency which is absolutely correct. SMIC on the other hand must produce the lithograph because it cannot get it due to China's bad relations with the West. But it cannot.
You are simply plain wrong... you and your soft power argument again seriously... TSMC doesn’t need soft power and it is not soft power that is so dominant... it is economics pure and simple, they can produce chip cheaper and in larger quantities than their competitors... TSMC was formed at a time when chip companies had to have their own fabs, meaning the chip companies had to sink millions - billions on their own supply chain in the form hardware, and kept having to chase the latest tech like some pretentious second gen school boy, this meant that their products were expensive not entirely because they gouge the customer, tho I am sure wanted to, but because they had no choice since capital investment had to be made to keep with the times... it also meant that only the big boy can play with this toy... what TSMC did was focus on one thing, which was production, and changed the industry to the way it is now to the point where it is pretty much irreplaceable, through their investments they made chip production affordable in an industrial sense... apart from Samsung no one even comes close. However it also presented its own sets of problems for them as illustrated by the current ban of business with Huawei, but it doesn’t matter for TSMC due to the fact that they have customers to replace lost business because they are, for lack of a better term, a monopoly, the only one who can make these high-end chips for the rest of the world at affordable price effectively muscling out all other competition.
You might be asking why don’t others just copy the formula well try asking a private investor, VC or whatever to invest billions on a venture knowing that returns might be years away, you are going to be pricing higher than you competitor for sure and what you are producing is not unique to provide the edge you might need for the business to succeed whilst at the same time still having to chase tech that is moving forwards and having the possibility of investing billions more before you even see a return... remember that your competitor isn’t just going to stop and wait for you, they are also increasing production to meet demand...

For SMIC they also don’t have to make the machines that make the chips because there are other companies to do that for example SMEE... the bad relations would have happened regardless... the biggest problem SMIC is having apart from the technical problem is creating the virtuous circle where they can start to balance their investment and revenue so that it can cover for some of needed capital to reinvest into the business again, you don’t just keep investing and hope for the best, the business need to actually run like a business... not even China can simply keep plugging money into a problem that isn’t just about investment.
 
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