PAF just doesn't have resources to control deep into the the Indian ocean.
While it is accurate to note that the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) on its own does not have the capacity to project power deep into the Indian Ocean, it is essential to view this within the broader context of Pakistan’s multi-domain maritime security posture. Taken together, Pakistan’s evolving air, naval, and missile capabilities enable credible control and situational awareness in the northern Arabian Sea and near-sea regions.
Pakistan fields land-, sea-, and air-launched variants of the
Babur cruise missile, with ranges of up to ~900 km. These provide significant standoff strike capability against both land and maritime targets, contributing to regional deterrence and operational flexibility.
Maritime surveillance capabilities are also undergoing a significant upgrade. Pakistan is inducting the
Sea Sultan Long Range Maritime Patrol Aircraft (based on the Embraer E-190 platform), with at least
two currently in the trial phase out of a planned
fleet of 12. These will play a central role in anti-submarine warfare (ASW), maritime patrol, and ISR operations. The Sea Sultan fleet will be
complemented by 5–8 RAS-72 Sea Eagle aircraft (ATR-72 based), forming a layered surveillance network that can cover both the littoral and blue-water environments.
On the subsurface front, the Pakistan Navy operates
three Agosta-90B AIP submarines, all of which have recently received
Mid-Life Upgrades (MLUs). These upgrades have significantly enhanced their combat management systems, sonar, sensors, and propulsion extending their operational lifespan and effectiveness. In addition,
two of the eight planned Type 039B (Yuan-class) AIP submarines are expected to join the fleet soon, further bolstering Pakistan’s underwater deterrent and patrol capacity.
Pakistan also maintains a growing and modernizing surface fleet. This includes
VLS-capable Type 054A/P multi-role frigates,
VLS-capable MILGEM-class (Babur-class) stealth corvettes, and
VLS-capable Damen-class Offshore Patrol Vessels (OPVs) complement by
F22Ps (Zulfiqar-class) for maritime security and EEZ enforcement. Several of these ships are newly inducted or under construction, with more in the pipeline like
VLS-capable Jinnah-class multi-role frigates (JCF), reflecting a sustained investment in surface warfare and presence operations.
Unmanned aerial systems are becoming a vital component of Pakistan Navy’s maritime ISR and strike capabilities. The PN currently operates
Chinese-origin CH-4 and CH-5 armed drones, which provide medium-altitude, long-endurance (MALE) surveillance and precision strike options over the maritime domain. Additionally, Pakistan is reportedly
interested in acquiring the Tengden TW328-A, a high-altitude long-endurance (HALE) UAV platform capable of extended-range ISR and targeting operations. This would significantly improve Pakistan’s real-time maritime situational awareness and targeting precision.
In terms of manned airpower, Pakistan has forward-deployed
F-16 Block 52s at Bholari and
J-10CEs at Masroor, two key airbases along the southern coastline. These platforms offer air superiority, maritime strike, and quick reaction capabilities vital for protecting Sea Lines of Communication (SLOCs) and ensuring aerial dominance over the northern Arabian Sea.
While Pakistan does not aim to dominate the broader Indian Ocean like a blue-water naval power, the combination of upgraded subsurface forces, a modern surface fleet, integrated surveillance platforms, and forward-deployed air assets allows it to maintain a credible and growing capacity to secure its maritime interests and ensure SLOC protection in the northern Arabian Sea.