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CMP

Captain
Registered Member
I’ve been wondering if “hulls in the water” is really the key phrase here?

I know a lot of people are focusing on armament, defensive systems, sensors, potential role, but what if the real point is to get a bunch of shipyards putting hulls in the water?

The US shipbuilding industry is really struggling, and maybe this is viewed as one way to expand producing capacity for future designs?

The Legend class is relatively cheap and provides a minimally viable product. The real goal may be to contract it out to several yards and have them each producing 2+ per year. Though not a large ship, the legend class is still several thousand tons.

Contracted out and stably produced over a couple blocks in large volume it could be a way to strengthen the shipbuilding industrial base as a whole?

The US shipbuilding industry may need to learn how to walk before it can run to a certain extent. The Constellation might be the right ship, but maybe it is too much of a gold plated design for the industry to handle in its current state.

Anyway, that is just my random speculation.
It's a good theory. I would still bet that even the Legend class will come vastly over budget and vastly behind schedule. If 10 billion dollars only got them two 33% finished Constellation class hulls, I can imagine somewhat finished Legend class going out for no less than 2 billion dollars each.
 

zyklon

Junior Member
Registered Member
Looks like members of Congress are
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the services of actual pirates . . . I mean privateers.


For those who are unfamiliar: privateers are effectively "lawful pirates" sanctioned by a state actor and weaponized against foreign shipping.

The concept — unsurprisingly — was pioneered by the English crown, which granted licenses called "letters of marque and reprisal" to privateers, in part so the crown may bolster state coffers by taxing what would have otherwise constituted a capital offense! :D



Edit/Addition:

What's perhaps even more amusing, yet disturbing is to see sitting members of Congress implicitly acknowledge the pirate nature of their
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:


However, what will happen if and when someone sinks an American privateer vessel, which will inevitably be largely manned by former and retired, if not reserve American servicemen?

The political, legal and military fallout from a reverse
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could be entertaining!
 
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ACuriousPLAFan

Brigadier
Registered Member
Looks like members of Congress are
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the services of actual pirates . . . I mean privateers.


For those who are unfamiliar: privateers are effectively "lawful pirates" sanctioned by a state actor and weaponized against foreign shipping.

The concept — unsurprisingly — was pioneered by the English crown, which granted licenses called "letters of marque and reprisal" to privateers, in part so the crown may bolster state coffers by taxing what would have otherwise constituted a capital offense! :D

There's a good reason why the Anglo-Saxon (if not the Western) civilization is called the "pirate civilization" (海盗文明) in China... Habits truly die hard.

Wanna guess when will these "lawful pirates" magically obtain RPGs and UAVs from the Everglades to target Chinese vessels on international waters next?
 

zyklon

Junior Member
Registered Member
There's a good reason why the Anglo-Saxon (if not the Western) civilization is called the "pirate civilization" (海盗文明) in China... Habits truly die hard.

Wanna guess when will these "lawful pirates" magically obtain RPGs and UAVs from the Everglades to target Chinese vessels on international waters next?

If this privateer shenanigans materializes, the would be privateers will most likely be manning refurbished naval or coast guard vessels, or otherwise something big enough to support a helicopter for VBSS operations.

It's probably too late in the game for any would be American privateer to participate in the naval blockade against Venezuela, especially given that a venture of this variety will take time to setup and require CAPEX in the 9, if not 10 figure USD ballpark.

However, if this legislation actually gets pushed through, I could definitely see a few pro-Israel billionaires bankroll some "lawful piracy" against vessels — perhaps even Chinese vessels — taking cargo to and from Iran, and that could get "very interesting," especially given the submarines that Iran operate.
 

Temstar

Brigadier
Registered Member
Looks like members of Congress are
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the services of actual pirates . . . I mean privateers.


For those who are unfamiliar: privateers are effectively "lawful pirates" sanctioned by a state actor and weaponized against foreign shipping.

The concept — unsurprisingly — was pioneered by the English crown, which granted licenses called "letters of marque and reprisal" to privateers, in part so the crown may bolster state coffers by taxing what would have otherwise constituted a capital offense! :D



Edit/Addition:

What's perhaps even more amusing, yet disturbing is to see sitting members of Congress implicitly acknowledge the pirate nature of their
Please, Log in or Register to view URLs content!
:


However, what will happen if and when someone sinks an American privateer vessel, which will inevitably be largely manned by former and retired, if not reserve American servicemen?

The political, legal and military fallout from a reverse
Please, Log in or Register to view URLs content!
could be entertaining!
On the other hand if security detail on a cargo ship flips the table on those privateers, wouldn't their vessel become legitimate prize eligible for auction at an admiralty prize court?
 

zyklon

Junior Member
Registered Member
On the other hand if security detail on a cargo ship flips the table on those privateers, wouldn't their vessel become legitimate prize eligible for auction at an admiralty prize court?

The potential fallout is what makes the proposed privateer legislation rather problematic, yet highly entertaining! *crossing my fingers*

Keep in mind that there are only so many places where you can learn to execute VBSS operations, so would be privateers are almost all going to be former, retired or reserve members of the US military.

What's going to happen politically, legally and militarily if the Iranian or Russian navy or a Chinese security company captures or kills some American privateers by the dozen or hundred?! :p
 

Lethe

Captain
Further excavations re: Soviet influence on DDG-51 hull form:

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The hull forms of different navies vary widely. The Soviets use a hull form characterized by a large waterplane area, especially aft. As shown in Figure 10, compared with American practice, Soviet midship sections are characterized by straight deadrise, a harder bilge radius, along with flare in the side of the hull through the waterline. Knuckles are usually Used in the hulls of Soviet ships. By contrast, U. S. hull forms tend to have minimum deadrise, a soft bilge radius, and flare only through the waterline forward. American waterplanes are also narrower than Soviet counterparts, especially aft.

The Soviet-style hull form provides more intact stability than an American-style hull form of the same length and beam because it has a wider waterplane area aft and, therefore, more transverse inertia. The flare in the hull of Soviet ships also enhances their damaged stability characteristics, since additional buoyancy is gained as their ships heel or sink lower in the water. The Soviet-style hull form has more wetted surface than an American-style hull form, even when the beam is adjusted to provide comparable stability. Therefore, it has more frictional resistance at all speeds. However, at speed-to-length ratios (V/L.5) of about 1.3 or higher, large waterplane area hull forms have less wave-making resistance. Therefore, on an overall resistance-per-ton basis, Soviet hull forms are superior at high speeds where wave-making resistance predominates, and inferior at lower speeds where frictional resistance predominates.

The Soviet-style hull form is also beneficial in terms of ship arrangements and volume utilization. Because of the wide stern waterlines and the use of flare along the sides of the ship, all other things being equal, Soviet ships have relatively more useable deck area and internal hull volume available than American ships.

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Remarkable as it may seem, until the 1970's, the U.S. Navy rarely considered the natural environment in the design of its surface ships [....] Over the years, naval hull forms have been designed primarily for calm water performance, e.g., by optimization of calm water ship resistance and other factors related to the ship's propulsion system. However, in the 1970's, it became clear that often our ships just could not keep up with those of our adversaries or even our allies in even moderate to heavy weather conditions [....]

"IN 1967, WHILE STEAMING IN HEAVY WEATHER INTO HEAD SEAS, THE COMMANDER OF A U.S. NAVY DESTROYER SQUADRON IN THE MEDITERRANEAN NOTED HIS DD-445, DD-682, AND DD-710 CLASS DESTROYERS TAKING SOLID GREEN WATER OVER THE BOW AND VERY HEAVY SPRAY ON THE BRIDGE. THE SOVIET KOTLIN-CLASS DESTROYER OPERATING IN CLOSE PROXIMITY TO THE CARRIER TASK GROUP APPEARED TO BE TAKING NO WATER OVER THE BOW AND ONLY OCCASIONALLY RAISED SPRAY ABOVE THE FO'C'S'LE DECK EDGE. U.S. SAILORS WORE FOUL WEATHER GEAR AND STAYED OFF THE FO'C'S'LE; SOVIET SAILORS PARADED ON THE FO'C'S'LE IN THEIR SHIRTSLEEVES."

[....] In 1975, VADM R.E. Adamson, Jr., then Commander, Naval Surface Forces Atlantic (COMNAVSURFLANT), stressed the gravity of the problem at the Seakeeping Workshop held at the U.S. Naval Academy:

"SEAKEEPING, AS IT PERTAINS TO THE U.S. NAVY, IS THE ABILITY OF OUR SHIPS TO GO TO SEA, AND SUCCESSFULLY AND SAFELY EXECUTE THEIR MISSION DESPITE ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS.

[....] NOW LET ME GIVE YOU A RECENT EXAMIPLE OF HOW "SEAKEEPING" ABILITY HAS AFFECTED OUR SHIPS. ON A FLEET EXERCISE CONDUCTED SEVERAL MONTHS AGO, OUR SHIPS WERE SIMPLY NO MATCH AGAINST THE SEA AND WINDS FOR WHICH THE NORTH ATLANTIC IS NOTORIOUS. OUR COMMANDERS AND COMMANDING OFFICERS WERE FORCED TO FOREGO MANY OF THE OBJECTIVES OF THE EXERCISE IN ORDER TO ACCOMMODATE TO THE WEATHER. IN SOME CASES: OUR SHIPS WERE FORCED TO SLOW TO PREVENT OR LESSEN THE IMPACT OF DAMAGE, EXERCISES WERE CANCELLED, WE COULD NOT REFUEL OUR SHIPS, EQUIPMENT WAS DAMAGED AND PERSONNEL WERE INJURED. HOWEVER, SEVERAL SOVIET WARSHIPS WHICH WERE IN COMPANY AS OBSERVERS DID NOT APPEAR TO SUFFER THE SAME DEGREE OF DEGRADATION WE DID. THEY STEAMED SMARTLY AHEAD AND APPARENTLY WITHOUT DIFFICULTY. FURTHERMORE, IT WAS FOUND THAT WE SIMPLY DO NOT FARE AS WELL REGARDING THE SEAKEEPING ABILITY OF OUR SHIPS WHEN COMPARED TO SHIPS OF OUR ALLIES.

So we have detailed investigation of seakeeping characteristics of Soviet combatants and an articulation of shortfall in seakeeping performance of existing USN surface combatants, relative to both Soviet and unspecified allied ships, amidst the gestation of DDG-51, which is said to have made considerable improvements in that regard. But it is the following article that establishes the more direct link between these items that Norman Friedman makes in U.S. Destroyers:

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Although most large navies operate their ships in generally similar environments, each country has developed its own unique style of hull form. Based on an assessment of foreign hull form design practices, the U.S. Navy has recently developed a style of hull form that offers improved stability and seakeeping performance and which facilitates the arrangement of internal functions.

FOR THE LAST SEVERAL YEARS THE Naval Sea Systems Command, Washington, D.C., has been conducting comparative engineering analyses of the ship design practices used by the United States, other NATO countries, and the Soviet Union. One objective of the studies has been to identify clever ship design practices from which the United States might benefit. Another objective has been to use these comparative analyses as a technique for precipitating a critical, introspective assessment of U.S. ship design practices.

[.....]

Numerous studies of the impact of the effect of differences in hull form design practices on seakeeping performance have been conducted. These studies have resulted in the development of the hull form shown in Figure 7, which would seem to offer a major improvement in the seakeeping performance of future U.S. warships. Available research indicates that a wide forward waterplane and flared hull sections tend to reduce pitch and heave motions, thereby reducing the frequency of slamming. A wide stem waterplane has a lesser impact on seakeeping performance. The estimated seakeeping performance of the four types of hull form shown in Figure 1 have been compared by the David W. Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center (DTNSRDC). French and Soviet hull forms were estimated to provide the best seakeeping performance.

There are two principal benefits to conducting comparative engineering analyses of ship design criteria and practices. First, they offer an opportunity to identify clever design practices from which the U.S. might benefit. Second, it causes us to assess longstanding design practices that are, too often, taken for granted or accepted as inviolable. One example where the U.S. has acheived that first type of benefit is the area of hull form. By analyzing foreign hull forms, a new style of body plan has been developed for use in future U.S. ship designs that offers improved arrangements, stability, and seakeeping performance. The hull is characterized by a full forward waterplane, “V”-shaped forward sections, and flare through the waterline along the length of the hull. This style of hull form, when combined with active fin stabilizers, as well as weapons and sensors which can be operated in high sea states, should improve the operational capability of future U.S. ship’s during the winter months in northern latitudes.

With that, I'm satisfied to accept Friedman's assertion that the hull form for DDG-51 was inspired by observation of Soviet combatant hullforms. Though, notably, DDG-51 did not ultimately make use fin stabilizers as suggested above.

As an aside, one interesting theme that emerged while trawling through these and other related articles is an asserted similarity between Soviet and Italian design practices.
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1984 article posits designing the then-developmental Arleigh Burke-class destroyer according to Italian design practices, and observes that one of the major differences between U.S. and Italian (and Soviet) practice is that the former incorporates much greater margins for growth both in design and in-service phases. If this carries through to the present day, it has obvious implications for what happened with Constellation amidst NAVSEA's fiddling.
 
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HighGround

Senior Member
Registered Member
Speaking of which, Big Bun CG on Weibo made a comparison CG between the cancelled Constellation FFG and the planned Legend-mod FFL (the latter of which is based on illustrations released by SECNAV).

Certainly doesn't look like the Legend-mod FFL can be equipped with VLS cells in meaningful capacity, unless either the ship was lengthened, and/or the superstructure was heavily modified (which doesn't seem likely/possible).

View attachment 166543
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View attachment 166545
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"The U.S. Navy has confirmed to TWZ that the armament package for its first “flight” of its
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will not include a built-in Vertical Launch System (VLS). There had been widespread questions about whether the ships would include a VLS array
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with no such feature readily apparent."


Confirmed.
 
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