Remarkable as it may seem, until the 1970's, the U.S. Navy rarely considered the natural environment in the design of its surface ships [....] Over the years, naval hull forms have been designed primarily for calm water performance, e.g., by optimization of calm water ship resistance and other factors related to the ship's propulsion system. However, in the 1970's, it became clear that often our ships just could not keep up with those of our adversaries or even our allies in even moderate to heavy weather conditions [....]
"IN 1967, WHILE STEAMING IN HEAVY WEATHER INTO HEAD SEAS, THE COMMANDER OF A U.S. NAVY DESTROYER SQUADRON IN THE MEDITERRANEAN NOTED HIS DD-445, DD-682, AND DD-710 CLASS DESTROYERS TAKING SOLID GREEN WATER OVER THE BOW AND VERY HEAVY SPRAY ON THE BRIDGE. THE SOVIET KOTLIN-CLASS DESTROYER OPERATING IN CLOSE PROXIMITY TO THE CARRIER TASK GROUP APPEARED TO BE TAKING NO WATER OVER THE BOW AND ONLY OCCASIONALLY RAISED SPRAY ABOVE THE FO'C'S'LE DECK EDGE. U.S. SAILORS WORE FOUL WEATHER GEAR AND STAYED OFF THE FO'C'S'LE; SOVIET SAILORS PARADED ON THE FO'C'S'LE IN THEIR SHIRTSLEEVES."
[....] In 1975, VADM R.E. Adamson, Jr., then Commander, Naval Surface Forces Atlantic (COMNAVSURFLANT), stressed the gravity of the problem at the Seakeeping Workshop held at the U.S. Naval Academy:
"SEAKEEPING, AS IT PERTAINS TO THE U.S. NAVY, IS THE ABILITY OF OUR SHIPS TO GO TO SEA, AND SUCCESSFULLY AND SAFELY EXECUTE THEIR MISSION DESPITE ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS.
[....] NOW LET ME GIVE YOU A RECENT EXAMIPLE OF HOW "SEAKEEPING" ABILITY HAS AFFECTED OUR SHIPS. ON A FLEET EXERCISE CONDUCTED SEVERAL MONTHS AGO, OUR SHIPS WERE SIMPLY NO MATCH AGAINST THE SEA AND WINDS FOR WHICH THE NORTH ATLANTIC IS NOTORIOUS. OUR COMMANDERS AND COMMANDING OFFICERS WERE FORCED TO FOREGO MANY OF THE OBJECTIVES OF THE EXERCISE IN ORDER TO ACCOMMODATE TO THE WEATHER. IN SOME CASES: OUR SHIPS WERE FORCED TO SLOW TO PREVENT OR LESSEN THE IMPACT OF DAMAGE, EXERCISES WERE CANCELLED, WE COULD NOT REFUEL OUR SHIPS, EQUIPMENT WAS DAMAGED AND PERSONNEL WERE INJURED. HOWEVER, SEVERAL SOVIET WARSHIPS WHICH WERE IN COMPANY AS OBSERVERS DID NOT APPEAR TO SUFFER THE SAME DEGREE OF DEGRADATION WE DID. THEY STEAMED SMARTLY AHEAD AND APPARENTLY WITHOUT DIFFICULTY. FURTHERMORE, IT WAS FOUND THAT WE SIMPLY DO NOT FARE AS WELL REGARDING THE SEAKEEPING ABILITY OF OUR SHIPS WHEN COMPARED TO SHIPS OF OUR ALLIES.