Has the QBZ191 and variants been used in actual combat yet? It would be interesting if it could be tested in Ukraine.
Highly HIGHLY unlikely.
First is the political issue. Thus far the CCP has been officially staying out of the conflict. European NATO and the U.S. have not exactly been lock step but both have been happy to use Economic pressure. This far the PRC has been known to be sending non lethal aid.
Second is the logistics issue. The 191 uses a highly proprietary ammunition type that Russia doesn’t.
Russian military, Militia and North Korean troops are already using a wide mix of predominantly Soviet calibers ranging from WW2 to the modern era with the addition of occasional captured or indigenous clones of western weapons to boot. It’s a Logisticians nightmare of what unit uses this model of Ak and that ammunition vs that unit with that one. To get QBZ191s in the mix would require a whole new training plan for the unit to use it and another logistical plan. Even issuing export models CS/LR42, CS/LR43 & CS/LR44 would still require training and logistics changes. Small parts cleaning kicks, training manuals in Russian or Korean, special magazines. Plus the rifles would have to be tuned for Russian ammunition.
I would hazard a guess that if any 191s were to make it to Ukraine, it would likely be chambered in 545, meaning that would be very unlikely to happen any time soon as the PLA is still in the process of a full transition to the 191.
Plus it would difficult to deny it as official support if large numbers of full auto 191s show up on the battlefield. also if I recall correctly the only variant calibre displayed so far was a 556 version. I might be wrong but I don’t remember seeing a 191 chambered in 545 displayed in any arms trade show.
The CS/LR43 was at the latest shows and uses AK47 type 7.62x39mm That ammunition type is still in Russian military service with the AK15 adopted to be the “Modern Rifle” for it. Though in practice AK15s often right next to AKMs from the 60s and AK103 from the 00s.
On the other side of the conflict 7.62x39mm has often been integrated into Western arms as it’s the most common Warsaw pact caliber and is found very commonly in Europe, Africa and Asia. This was as the Soviets just about gave AK factories away in the Cold War. If not given then it was the case that a number of countries would just clone the AK on their own.
However The Soviets were not exactly very good in standardization. Much of the production outside of Izmash in regards to the AK series was based off reverse engineering and trial and error. This is why the rail and accessories industry of the AK is often going to have a gunsmith and hand fitting to make it work. It also means that two AKs from different manufacturers often don’t parts exchange. The same holds true for AK ammunition. 7.62x39mm from Chinese manufacturers will probably work in Cs/Lr43 it may not work at all for an AK12 or AKM. Or it may damage the gun. Or it might work.
That’s one of the things the AR15 does well. It’s hard to find an AR15 that is so out of spec and tolerances that parts don’t interchange between makers despite being from completely different countries.