CX-1 Cruise Missile

no_name

Colonel
am I reading the diagram correctly? I see separate subsonic and supersonic air intakes. There are those weird dimples on the shock cone of the CX-1 mockup. and the display that claims CX-1 has scramjet. hum...

The front inlet is the ramjet inlet, the second is scramjet inlet. They will not be both working at the same time for long. What will happen is you have the rocket booster stage which will accelerate the missile from stand still to a speed where the ramjet will start working, the booster is jettisoned and ramjet kicks in to accelerate the rocket to high supersonic speeds where scramjet will start working. Scramjet will then kicking in and push the speed higher still and the efficiency of ramjet will drop until it ceases to function and you have a hypersonic vessel traveling mainly by scramjet.

This could allow both longer range and more flexible approach as the missile can fly high in scramjet mode to cover distance quickly and cover more distance at higher speeds, then when dropping low for final approach kick ramjet back in to ensure high speed final run where scramjet won't likely to work because of higher air resistance at near sea level altitude.

The dimples you see probably correspond to closed ramjet intakes if you try to translate this drawing to CX-1, while the ring opening that you see may be for scramjet.

Not only are the intakes separate but the combustion chambers for both is also separate. The ramjet combustion chamber is likely to not be working when scramjet flight takes over or at least not contributing to scramjet operation.
 
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SamuraiBlue

Captain
The front inlet is the ramjet inlet, the second is scramjet inlet. They will not be both working at the same time for long. What will happen is you have the rocket booster stage which will accelerate the missile to a speed where the ramjet will start working, the booster is jettisoned and ramjet kicks in to accelerate the rocket to high supersonic speeds where scramjet will start working. Scramjet will then kicking in and push the speed higher still and the efficiency of ramjet will drop until it ceases to function and you have a hypersonic vessel traveling mainly by scramjet.

I am skeptical about the ram jet igniting the scam jet since you are blowing in exhaust gas into the combustion chamber filling it with inert gas acting like an extinguisher. If the scram jet doesn't ignite there will be no "ram jet ceases to function" stage.
 

no_name

Colonel
Maybe, I don't profess to know the details of ram and scramjet operations. They could shutdown the ramjet first before shortly kick starting the scramjet, as there would be an overlapping speed range where both ramjet and scramjet would operate.

I guess this kind of design opens up the potential for hypersonic vehicle that is surface launched rather than air launched. The booster stage required to accelerate a vehicle to scramjet operating speed from ground would likely be too large, but they can accelerate it to a speed where ramjet would work first during climbing, then use that to kick into scramjet range at high altitude before switching over to scramjet.
 
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no_name

Colonel
^^^ I just went to your link and google translated the following from Henri K. This guy seems to posts all sorts of interesting developments regarding China defence history and progress:

A post dedicated to the development of Chinese hypersonic technologies.

When we speak of hypersonic vehicles, according to the Chinese definition of this gear is flying at a speed> Mach 5 in the endo or exo-atmospheric field.

There are 2 types of gear to make such a flight profile - the so-called "Boost-Glide" (The hypersonic glider) and the so-called "burning" fishing gears. The Chinese test January 9, 2014, called by the Americans "WU-14" is part of the first, while the missile ramjet / scramjet as YJ-1, HY-3, YJ-12, YJ-91 or HQ -8 are part of the second.

For machines "combustion", as mentioned above, there are still two subtypes are the ramjet and scramjet the stands. The air flow is subsonic speed in the combustion chamber of a ramjet, he is in a supersonic scramjet. The theoretical speed that can reach a ramjet craft of Mach 6 (effectively around Mach 3) and up to Mach 24 for a scramjet.

For this first post I will briefly talk about the development of ramjet and scramjet of China, based on official Chinese sources and official publications.

Ramjet development in China started very early. On December 3, 1957, the 5th department of the Ministry of Defence authorized the opening of the laboratory ramjet called "Laboratory No. 5," which is the ancestor of the Institute 31 of the 3rd academy CASIC group.

In February 1957, the Russian specialist ramjet Kosov arrives in China, the Chinese have built to help its first experimental piece "number 341".

1960, the first Chinese ramjet lit successfully, the first CS-03 engine was designed and used in the drone target "213".

In November 2961, the first test bed for ramjet ground came into service. Between 1964 and 1968, several test free flowing and CS-01 large high altitude test bench means high altitude test testbeds as CS-02 bench seat CS-03 entered service in the one after the other.

In 1962, the Ministry of Defence request to develop a supersonic coastal defense missile at low altitude, called HY-3. The CF-06 ramjet engine was chosen as the main engine, the first Chinese ramjet used in a military model. In August 1969, the CMC decided to launch another parallel development which consists of a supersonic missile Air-Sea that will be worn by seaplanes SH-5, the missile was named YJ-1, the ramjet is selected CF-07.

On July 12, 1978 and July 26, 1979, in ignitions successful flight YJ-1 (CF-07) and HY-3 (CF-06), but the telemetry data showed a negative thrust on these 2 missiles, c ' ie missiles slow down instead of speeding ...

The Chinese have decided therefore to increase the diameter of the engine and start the development of CF-08 (for YJ-1) and CF-03D (for HY-3). As a matter of concentration of effort, the program HY-3 is spent in pre-study and only YJ-1 continuous development.

On June 24, 1983, the first test of CF-08 and it is a success, the missile YJ-1 gets a positive boost. On September 4, 1984, CF-08 carries a full range of flight at low altitude at a speed of Mach 2 and an altitude of 300m. In July 1986, the CF-03D engine and the new HY-3 were also successfully tested.

Beginning 90 ', the 3rd academy CASIC group of the technologies of Kh-31 on which the missile Air-Sol anti-radiation YJ-91 was developed. The missile carries a flight speed of Mach 3 and entered into service.

Other Chinese also use the ramjet missiles, like the new Sea-Air missile YJ-12 with a liquid propellant ramjet in full, or the Sol-Air missile anti-radiation at very long range (> 400km) HQ-8 uses a ramjet to mix propellant (solid + liquid).

A ramjet emphasize the notion of "integral". A ramjet can not turn on at a certain flight speed (often< Mach 2), old ramjet missiles use solid propellant boosters separable set up to accelerate the ramjet ignition, or it increases considerable size (especially "packageable" diameter that is the diameter "tube") and the weight of the whole. YJ-1 and HY-3 Chinese or Taiwanese HF-3 are part of the "old" ramjet missiles.

"Integral" ramjet has no boosteur distinguishes everything is integrated into the combustor ramjet. The new YJ-12 missiles and HQ-8 are part of this category.

With years of development and user experience, China is becoming one of the few countries in the world to have a set way of development, testing and production technologies and hypersonic ramjet, and the same time has prepared a necessary basis for the development of scramjet attack.

Scramjet side, China's development started quite late compared to the United States and Russia. In the "Space Transportation System-Sol" 863 program defined between 1987 and 1992, the Chinese have defined development strategy to start with a spacecraft (Shenzhou) and then with an "aerospace plane". The study of scramjet started well.

Beginning 90 'with the 921 program (manned flight) and the 863 program, several Chinese research institutes have started pre-scramjet studies, including ignition of the propellant supersonic, stable combustion, design input air, hypersonic aerodynamics, materials, integrated design of airframe and engine ... etc. A series of ground equipment for hypersonic study was also built as a hypersonic wind tunnel Φ1m to Mach 10 in the center of the search for propulsion and aerodynamics, the blower electric arc Φ1m to power 50MW CCAC group blower hypersonic shock wave Mach JF-12 9 to a temperature of 3000K ... etc ... etc.

Very little information has been fuitée on the development of scramjet, it nevertheless has some official elements.

In 1998, Academician Xingzhou LIU, one of the founders of the Chinese hypersonic sector, wrote an expert who addressed the Chinese political leaders folder, the folder was highly regarded and several key projects have been launched. In 2004, Liu wrote, with a committee of experts, a detailed development plan to the Chinese government. This plan received unanimous support from senior leaders and hypersonic program, including the development of scramjet and Boost-Glide technology was formalized and included in the National Development Plan 2006-2020 medium-long term. The National Center for Hypersonic Research was established and assigned to the 3rd Academy of CASIC group.

According to the plan LIU, the hypersonic development follow 3 steps -

* By 2020, develop a hypersonic cruise missile multi-platform reach Mach 6 and 2000km
* Between 2020 and 2030, developing a hypersonic aircraft with a cruise speed of Mach 5 and 10 000km range capabilities, capable of reaching any point on Earth in 2 hours
* By 2050, achieve entry into orbit and reusable horizontal mode, speed between Mach 12 and 25.

According to an official report published in the Chinese aerospace propulsion conference 2007, the Institute of the 31st 3rd academy CASIC group was developing a scramjet in lifting body configuration 2D with hydrocarbon propellant.

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According to official publications, the machine made its first successful flight in June 2011.

On the other hand, it seems that the Chinese aviation industry is also interested in the development of scramjet. In the new publication of the government report "Report on the development of science and technology of aviation 2012-2013", it is clearly mentioned "successful test in 2012 of a hypersonic vehicle axial symmetry, in an altitude> 20 000m and a speed> Mach 5 ".

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This could mean that the aerospace sector, represented by the CASIC group in particular, and the aviation industry, represented by the AVIC group, compete in this segment.

The result should be followed.

Henry K.
 

Skywatcher

Captain
Yes you are, the diagram suggest that they are using the ram jet as an initiator to ignite the scram jet. Don't know if it will work that easy but that is what they claim through that diagram anyways.

If that scramjet is actually on the CX-1, then there's really no room for a radar.

For the general AShM mission, I'd rather have a Mach 3.0-3.5 ramjet missile with a radar, than a scramjet Mach 5.0 that has to be datalinked or uses inertial guidance.
 

no_name

Colonel
I think CX-1 only has ramjet engine if its top speed is Mach 2.5-3 as advertised, the scramjet translation is likely an error.
 

navyreco

Senior Member
Hi Guys, I don't know if this will bring new details (probably not) but here it is...
(FYI I am not at Zhuhai, my colleagues specialized in army / land systems are... but they are trying their best to identify new naval products, get information and send everything to me to publish articles).

There are actually two versions...

Zhuhai Airshow: Chinese Company CASC unveiled the new CX-1 Supersonic Anti-Ship Cruise Missile
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At Zhuhai China Air Show 2014, (which is currently being covered by our affiliate Army Recognition) Chinese defense company China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC) unveiled the new CX-1 supersonic anti-ship cruise missile (ASCM). Navy Recognition is able to shed some light on this new supersonic missile that comes in two versions: The CX-1B that can be truck launched from land and the CX-1A designed to be surface launched from a vessel at sea.

According to CASC representatives at Zuhai Airshow 2014, the CX-1 supersonic cruise missile system is mainly intended for attack against ships but also has a secondary land attack capability. It can rapidly, precisely and flexibly strike the enemy's maneuvering surface targets at sea and strategic/high value targets on land (including semi-underground complexes).
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supercat

Major
It's a controllable and guide able flight in 2012 that demonstrated a coaxial inlet scramjet vehicle. At the time of that article's publish they have started working on the wave riding vehicle concept.

Now I realize that the missile tested in 2012 is hypersonic, it reached a speed greater than Mach 5 and an altitude greater than 20,000 meters. So it makes CX-1 looking like a byproduct of China's research on air-breathing hypersonic missile. If that is the case, then CX-1 is just a side show, and therefore it is probably for export only.
 
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