Climate Change and Renewable Energy News and Discussion

Anlsvrthng

Captain
Registered Member
Hydrogen is produced from electricity produced from wind turbines or solar panels. E-Fuels is produced from Hydrogen produced from electricity produced from wind turbines or solar panels. Without the electricity from wind turbines and solar panels there is no (green) Hydrogen and no (green) E-Fuels.
It is possible to generate hydrogen with Sulfur-Iodine process.


Best way to do it is by nuclear energy, leftover heat on the cold side could be used to generate electricity.


The biggest buyers of Hydrogen could be the refineries, they need extreme ammount of hydrogen for cracking.

If there are plenty of cheap hydrogen then the ammonium and other chemical producers would jump te ship to get the cheap high quality feedstock : )
 

Anlsvrthng

Captain
Registered Member
Currently the basic problem is the NPT.


It gives teh biggest nuclear power countries, like USA , but for China, Russia UK/Fr. incentive to block the spread of nuclear energy ,increasy by this way the value of nuclear weapons.


With the creation of the NPT practically all advanced nuclear power research died overnight, and only the most dangerous, ineffective and expensive PWR/BWR technology remained.


At the same time all anti nuclear movement received enormous money from the USA/UK/Russia/Soviet union, and at the same time the enviromental standards was tuned by a way that made extremly expensive the nuclear energy.

Most likelly is will stop now, many country started to consider the nuclear as main option now. Thank y, natural gas price jump.
 

gelgoog

Brigadier
Registered Member
It is possible to generate hydrogen with Sulfur-Iodine process.

Yes. There are the chemical Sulfur-Iodine and the Hybrid Sulfur processes. Those processes use heat to do the water splitting. But IIRC you need a lot of heat like 800ºC.

Best way to do it is by nuclear energy, leftover heat on the cold side could be used to generate electricity.

Most nuclear reactors can't do 800ºC. You need a high temperature reactor core. Like one of the helium gas moderated reactors.
There are other hybrid processes which use electricity and heat to do the electrolysis step but this is a work in progress research. Not done at scale.

The biggest buyers of Hydrogen could be the refineries, they need extreme ammount of hydrogen for cracking.
If there are plenty of cheap hydrogen then the ammonium and other chemical producers would jump te ship to get the cheap high quality feedstock : )

Yes but like I said most of these processes require 800ºC or more. You can only do that in a Generation IV nuclear reactor designed for it, or with solar thermal if you want "clean" hydrogen.
 

PiSigma

"the engineer"
Ammonia is NH4. So you need nitrogen, which you can scoop from the air, and hydrogen. The hydrogen is typically extracted from methane (CH4). That is so called "blue hydrogen". "Green hydrogen" is extracted from electrolysis of water (H2O). But electrolysis itself basically wastes half the energy used in the process.
Actually ammonia is NH3. NH4+ is ammonium. The difference is important, because ammonium tend to form salts with pretty much anything and everything. Once the water holding ammonium is cold or the ammonium concentration is too high, the salts will precipitate out as a solid. In a chemical process, ammonium salt precipitation is a huge pain in the butt, because they get everywhere and plug up everything. In order to get rid of it, need to air strip or steam strip, which are both energy intensive.
 

Anlsvrthng

Captain
Registered Member
Yes. There are the chemical Sulfur-Iodine and the Hybrid Sulfur processes. Those processes use heat to do the water splitting. But IIRC you need a lot of heat like 800ºC.



Most nuclear reactors can't do 800ºC. You need a high temperature reactor core. Like one of the helium gas moderated reactors.
There are other hybrid processes which use electricity and heat to do the electrolysis step but this is a work in progress research. Not done at scale.



Yes but like I said most of these processes require 800ºC or more. You can only do that in a Generation IV nuclear reactor designed for it, or with solar thermal if you want "clean" hydrogen.
Pressurised water cooled reactors can't pull more approx. 320 celsius.
They have narrow termperature range.

Old designs, like molten salt, graphite - helium,Lead-bismuth eutectic could, just to name few.


All of them capable to reach above 800 C, molten salt was tested on 882C. in the 50s.


The engine of the Russian 9M730 Burevestnik should work on the temperature required for Sulfur - Iodine process.


PRoblem is :
1 . They usually work on atmospheric pressure, it makes them cheap to manufacture and resilent for many accident , but makes easy to defuel / refuell them for Pu making during energy production
2. Molten salt can be reprocessed during normal operation, menas there is no fission products in the reactor, making impossible Fukushima or Chernobil style accidents, where the Cs-137 contaminated huge areas. But it means a molten salt reactor could make the fines possible Pu for the bomb in normal production, with the available equipment , with little notice and require no modifications.

Interestingly, the Molten Salt Reactor experiment was terminated immedietly after the signature of NPT. It was decomissioned before the effective date of treaty .


Boiling water with nuclear power is like cutting butter with chainsaw . Primitive, and inefficient.

A combined sulfur iodine, with He turbine + tertiary steam generator could reach efficiency in the 70% range.
 

FairAndUnbiased

Brigadier
Registered Member
Pressurised water cooled reactors can't pull more approx. 320 celsius.
They have narrow termperature range.

Old designs, like molten salt, graphite - helium,Lead-bismuth eutectic could, just to name few.


All of them capable to reach above 800 C, molten salt was tested on 882C. in the 50s.


The engine of the Russian 9M730 Burevestnik should work on the temperature required for Sulfur - Iodine process.


PRoblem is :
1 . They usually work on atmospheric pressure, it makes them cheap to manufacture and resilent for many accident , but makes easy to defuel / refuell them for Pu making during energy production
2. Molten salt can be reprocessed during normal operation, menas there is no fission products in the reactor, making impossible Fukushima or Chernobil style accidents, where the Cs-137 contaminated huge areas. But it means a molten salt reactor could make the fines possible Pu for the bomb in normal production, with the available equipment , with little notice and require no modifications.

Interestingly, the Molten Salt Reactor experiment was terminated immedietly after the signature of NPT. It was decomissioned before the effective date of treaty .


Boiling water with nuclear power is like cutting butter with chainsaw . Primitive, and inefficient.

A combined sulfur iodine, with He turbine + tertiary steam generator could reach efficiency in the 70% range.

yep the pressurized water heat transfer fluid is essentially stone age tech at this point. the latest
Please, Log in or Register to view URLs content!
s or
Please, Log in or Register to view URLs content!


once hydrogen is produced, it can be used as a feedstock for all sorts of processes or for fuel.
 

Anlsvrthng

Captain
Registered Member
Please, Log in or Register to view URLs content!
This is not a hydrogen project, rather than a high quality steel manufacturing process, using up cheap electricity for reduction.

The hydrogen is very good to make explosive mixture with air, means any long term transport carry extreme risk.
Consider that as well the sealing that can withold the very small H2 is expensive.
 
Top