From the images we have of damage done in Pakistan I should say decently effective but not as effective as it would have been if Pakistan had more systems and layerd AD. Also Pakistan only operates the HQ-16 and HQ-9 not the HQ-19.
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The HQ-9 is an older system meant for long range missiles like aircrafts, certain types of cruise and ballistic missiles, its similar to Russias S-300 while the HQ-19 is for exo-atmospheric interceptions like US THAAD, used for medium to intermediate ballistic missiles. Pakistan is eying the HQ-19 though
lcloo
Major
What about HQ-29?
Its sino-KEI
How is China going to deal with the malacca straight blockade (specifically for food)? US and its allies can allow vessels to friendly nations like Japan Korea to pass while blocking Chinas. Even if some are smuggling things to China, I doubt that would make China's needs. I know China can get oil from the Stans and Russia while reducing its dependency on it with its green energy initiatives but that leaves food as the next problem. How is it going to handle food issues?
For one thing China can in turn deny access across the strait in her own ways. If no Chinese vessels can pass then no allies vessels can pass.
It would be a dumb thing to do that benefits no one, like the trade war that Trump recently tried on China, and see how well that turned out?
Modern shipping vessels will make multiple ports of call in different countries every voyage. There's no such thing as vessels in the Malacca Straits travelling to just Korea or Japan; they'll generally make at least 5-6 port calls in different countries, and any of these stops can be in China. Also, it's easy to offload cargo in Vietnam or Thailand and just rail it into China. Sure it's a costly process but it's doable. So the only proper way to block a narrow body of water like the Malacca Straits is to fully blockade it to all traffic. It's only something that you'd do if you're really desperate because doing so is basically declaring war against all of Southeast Asia as well as China, Korea and Japan.
lcloo
Major
Malacca straits is no the only route where China trades with the World, it is massive because trade by sea routes is the cheapest way to get supplies. China has land routes to Central Asia, Middle East, Russia and other European countries. Land routes are more expensive due to smaller cargo carrying capacity of trains and trucks, and fuel efficiecy of the vehicles vs marie vessels.
But in time of conflict or threat to national security these extra costs mean nothing.
Malacca straits can't be blockaded by US and its allies effectively. On the opposite, it would be more easier for China to blockade the Malacca straits by sea and air due to the size of PLAN, the combat range of PLAAF bomber/strike aircraft and the mid range ballistic missiles.
People in today's China are overfeed, the populations are getting fatter and obesity problems once unheard of in China 20 years ago is now a common health issues. Food security might be a problem if in time of conflict, Chinese people still want to maintain their current eating habits. In reality China can forgo or reduce its food import (including non-traditional Chinese food like some of the wines, cheese, milk, salmon etc) and still be quite resilience by depending on domestic food production of essential staple food.
And billions of dollars spent on food import are actually means as animal feeds instead of feeding the people, eaxample is the soy beans import.
From China Economic Net:-
China’s Central Document 2025: Rural reforms and food security
Last Updated: 2025-02-25 17:29 | CE.cn
By Hasan Muhammad
Editor's Note: The writer is a freelance columnist on international affairs based in Karachi, Pakistan. The article reflects the author's opinions and not necessarily the views of China Economic Net.
China’s "No. 1 Central Document" for 2025 reflects a defining principle of Beijing’s long-term strategy: the deepening of rural reforms as a cornerstone of national resilience. Released annually as a policy blueprint, this document sets the government’s agenda, and this year, it takes a decisive step toward securing agricultural modernization, food security, and rural revitalization. At its core, the policy signals a fundamental truth - China’s agricultural sector is not just about feeding its 1.4 billion people.
It is a matter of national security and economic sovereignty. For more than a decade, China’s leadership has prioritized rural reforms, seeing them as critical to maintaining social stability and economic sustainability. The 2025 document highlights six key objectives: ensuring a stable supply of grain and essential agricultural products, consolidating poverty alleviation gains, strengthening rural industries, advancing infrastructure, improving governance in the countryside, and optimizing resource allocation.
The emphasis on food security is a direct response to the geopolitical and economic disruptions that have shaken global supply chains. The war in Ukraine, U.S.-China trade tensions, and climate-induced shocks have exposed vulnerabilities in the world’s food markets. For Beijing, a stable grain supply is not just about economic growth-it is about ensuring autonomy in the face of external pressures. The policy outlines ambitious plans to bolster grain storage capabilities, refine trade coordination mechanisms, and promote sustainable farming techniques that reduce dependency on chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
China’s grain production has consistently surpassed 1,300 billion jin (650 billion kilograms) annually for the past decade. But self-sufficiency is not just a numbers game. Beijing understands that modern agriculture requires a paradigm shift-one driven by technological breakthroughs that enhance efficiency and sustainability.
Perhaps the most striking feature of this year’s document is its strong push for "new quality productive forces" in agriculture. The term, which has gained traction in China’s policy circles, refers to the integration of cutting-edge technologies into farming. The document calls for the development of high-tech agricultural enterprises and breakthroughs in crop variety engineering. Innovations such as biological breeding, artificial intelligence, big data analytics, and drone technology are poised to transform agricultural productivity. The rapid proliferation of homegrown AI technologies, such as DeepSeek, is accelerating the digitization of China’s farms.
AI-powered precision farming, automated irrigation systems, and intelligent pest control measures are already reshaping agricultural efficiency. Meanwhile, the expansion of cold-chain logistics and instant retail services to rural areas ensures that farmers have direct access to markets, reducing post-harvest losses and boosting rural incomes.
Beyond agriculture, the document signals a shift in how China envisions its rural-urban relationship. Rural revitalization is no longer about isolated rural development-it is about fostering economic ecosystems where urban and rural economies are interconnected. This is particularly evident in the growing focus on county-level economies, which Beijing sees as the next frontier of industrial expansion. Unlike traditional rural economies, county-level economies integrate manufacturing, specialized cultural tourism, and high-value-added sectors. The goal is to mitigate urban migration pressures while ensuring that rural populations can thrive within their own regions.
The document also signals a shift in financing mechanisms for rural revitalization. It proposes strengthening central budget investments, issuing ultra-long special government bonds, and increasing local government bonds dedicated to agriculture and rural infrastructure. Beijing’s recognition that sustainable rural development requires innovative financing is evident in its push for new land-use policies.
The overarching message of the 2025 document is clear: rural revitalization is not a side project-it is central to China’s long-term strategy. By reinforcing agricultural efficiency, integrating rural and urban economies, and embracing technological innovations, China is betting that its rural sector can become a model of resilience in an unpredictable world.
Editor's Note: The writer is a freelance columnist on international affairs based in Karachi, Pakistan. The article reflects the author's opinions and not necessarily the views of China Economic Net.
China’s "No. 1 Central Document" for 2025 reflects a defining principle of Beijing’s long-term strategy: the deepening of rural reforms as a cornerstone of national resilience. Released annually as a policy blueprint, this document sets the government’s agenda, and this year, it takes a decisive step toward securing agricultural modernization, food security, and rural revitalization. At its core, the policy signals a fundamental truth - China’s agricultural sector is not just about feeding its 1.4 billion people.
It is a matter of national security and economic sovereignty. For more than a decade, China’s leadership has prioritized rural reforms, seeing them as critical to maintaining social stability and economic sustainability. The 2025 document highlights six key objectives: ensuring a stable supply of grain and essential agricultural products, consolidating poverty alleviation gains, strengthening rural industries, advancing infrastructure, improving governance in the countryside, and optimizing resource allocation.
The emphasis on food security is a direct response to the geopolitical and economic disruptions that have shaken global supply chains. The war in Ukraine, U.S.-China trade tensions, and climate-induced shocks have exposed vulnerabilities in the world’s food markets. For Beijing, a stable grain supply is not just about economic growth-it is about ensuring autonomy in the face of external pressures. The policy outlines ambitious plans to bolster grain storage capabilities, refine trade coordination mechanisms, and promote sustainable farming techniques that reduce dependency on chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
China’s grain production has consistently surpassed 1,300 billion jin (650 billion kilograms) annually for the past decade. But self-sufficiency is not just a numbers game. Beijing understands that modern agriculture requires a paradigm shift-one driven by technological breakthroughs that enhance efficiency and sustainability.
Perhaps the most striking feature of this year’s document is its strong push for "new quality productive forces" in agriculture. The term, which has gained traction in China’s policy circles, refers to the integration of cutting-edge technologies into farming. The document calls for the development of high-tech agricultural enterprises and breakthroughs in crop variety engineering. Innovations such as biological breeding, artificial intelligence, big data analytics, and drone technology are poised to transform agricultural productivity. The rapid proliferation of homegrown AI technologies, such as DeepSeek, is accelerating the digitization of China’s farms.
AI-powered precision farming, automated irrigation systems, and intelligent pest control measures are already reshaping agricultural efficiency. Meanwhile, the expansion of cold-chain logistics and instant retail services to rural areas ensures that farmers have direct access to markets, reducing post-harvest losses and boosting rural incomes.
Beyond agriculture, the document signals a shift in how China envisions its rural-urban relationship. Rural revitalization is no longer about isolated rural development-it is about fostering economic ecosystems where urban and rural economies are interconnected. This is particularly evident in the growing focus on county-level economies, which Beijing sees as the next frontier of industrial expansion. Unlike traditional rural economies, county-level economies integrate manufacturing, specialized cultural tourism, and high-value-added sectors. The goal is to mitigate urban migration pressures while ensuring that rural populations can thrive within their own regions.
The document also signals a shift in financing mechanisms for rural revitalization. It proposes strengthening central budget investments, issuing ultra-long special government bonds, and increasing local government bonds dedicated to agriculture and rural infrastructure. Beijing’s recognition that sustainable rural development requires innovative financing is evident in its push for new land-use policies.
The overarching message of the 2025 document is clear: rural revitalization is not a side project-it is central to China’s long-term strategy. By reinforcing agricultural efficiency, integrating rural and urban economies, and embracing technological innovations, China is betting that its rural sector can become a model of resilience in an unpredictable world.
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Can I ask what is no doubt a silly question one way or another?
Within the last couple of years the US started basing their B-2s/B-21s (I can't tell the difference from looking) in the city where I live (Brisbane, Australia). My understanding is that these bombers would form a critical component of conventional strike against the mainland in the event of westpac HIC, so I think that means my city (or at least Amberley air field base) is now on a list of PLA aim points.
My question is, does the PLARF/PLAAF have conventional strike capabilities that could hit Brisbane, and does that seem plausible for them to actually do rather than targeting other closer bases? And if they do, do we know if the strikes would be precise enough that it's not that likely civilians in other suburbs will be hit?
Note: I asked this question in "PLA strike strategies for westpac HIC", but upon reflection I think maybe here is a better place for it because it's probably too silly (I especially think this because the only response I got was a laugh react). I don't know how to delete the original post, unfortunately.
Within the last couple of years the US started basing their B-2s/B-21s (I can't tell the difference from looking) in the city where I live (Brisbane, Australia). My understanding is that these bombers would form a critical component of conventional strike against the mainland in the event of westpac HIC, so I think that means my city (or at least Amberley air field base) is now on a list of PLA aim points.
My question is, does the PLARF/PLAAF have conventional strike capabilities that could hit Brisbane, and does that seem plausible for them to actually do rather than targeting other closer bases? And if they do, do we know if the strikes would be precise enough that it's not that likely civilians in other suburbs will be hit?
Note: I asked this question in "PLA strike strategies for westpac HIC", but upon reflection I think maybe here is a better place for it because it's probably too silly (I especially think this because the only response I got was a laugh react). I don't know how to delete the original post, unfortunately.