Do you think that full sanction from the west have any negative impact to aircraft production number ?
Most of the effect that sanctions could have had on the Russian defence industry was absorbed in 2014. People easily forget that Russia has not been sanctioned by the West for 1.5 years, but for a decade.
Perhaps one of the most famous examples of "adaptation" to sanctions is how Russia copied French thermal technology.
But there are others that seem to me to be of particular interest. For example in the area of surface ship propulsion.
The Russian Federation was not born out of nothing, it has its origins in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
And it turns out that the former state had most of its shipbuilding industry in today's Ukraine, well, the Moskova sank a few hundred km from where it was built (Mikolaev).
When 2014 arrived, Russia was still almost totally dependent on the Ukrainian shipbuilding industry, in general it is clear that 2014 caught them by surprise once you look at all this kind of stuff. That is why the modernisation of surface ships stopped dead in its tracks; there were also Western technological inputs, as with the German gas turbines.
This is clearly seen in Project 22350.
The first two ships of the class relied heavily on Ukrainian industry and Western technology.
This image tells us a lot. Modernisation begins and in the previous two years to 2014 construction of two of the ships began, one each year.
Then came 2014 and everything came to a complete halt, and construction of new ships did not begin until 2019 when Russia put its shipyards in order.
And it was not until 2022 that the Golovko received a 100% Russian gas propulsion system without having to rely on Germany.
It has been reported that the ship has already passed its propulsion and mobility tests, so this decade will see the number of modern ships increase significantly.
This is one of the examples, but it is everywhere, including with another of the topics of special interest, such as semiconductors, in which the Russians have been making progress since 2014.
I think that the whole world forgot about these sanctions and that Russia not only created gold reserves in case of new sanctions, but there were moves towards creating independent technologies and establishing additional supply routes with friendly countries such as China, India, Iran etc.
