google translation
Forward background: Shanghai fights since 128 Shanghai, according to at that time 淞 the Shanghai ceasefire agreement, the Chinese army left stationed west of Yu An Ting, Taitsang such as the places, but the date side in Hongqiao, 杨树浦 (date foreign settlement) in had the marine 3000 extra people, the army may as necessary land. Shanghai at that time was China is biggest international trades together the harbor and the biggest industrial city, the foreign volume of trade several occupied national 3/5, also was China to the international influence biggest city. At present all sorts of materials indicate, as early as fights after 128 Shanghai, the national government in view of the fact that Shanghai's status, is fierce with Kyoto as well as to the date relations change, has sooner or later must the plan which makes war with Japan, therefore from 1934 on 拨用 the great sum of money time-consuming 3 years in Suzhou to as well as fine celebrates the Fushan town, Wuxi to Jiangyin periphery constructs " the Wu luck line ", " the tin clear line ", " for the first time praises strategic defensive fortification and so on county line (very obviously at that time the defense thought is receives Europe's one war later defense idea influence, Tries hard in Chinese establishment class Ma Qi Re, neat Feir to resemble firmly the long fortification), and makeed the management research in 1935 by the armed force to draw up Central China and the Beijing Shanghai and Hangzhou area defensive position plan. Is when is in charge of the Zhang Zhizhong even refined language which Beijing and Shanghai defends unloads the central military academy training director duty, wholly absorbed will be engaged in the later war the defensive preparation work. 128 Shanghai war later Shanghai namely will establish the security which the directly under military council directed always rolls, its specialist training actually all was the field operation street fighting and so on regular combat content. Pre-combat background: After in 1937 7.7 emergencies, the date armed force after seizes puts down the Tianjin area date armed force partial main force along evenly pacifies the line to the beginning of August in observes, pacifies the area with the 2nd war zone national troops army fierce combat, another part (approximately 4 divisions) along the even Chinese, south the Tianjin water's edge two alignment attack. Lugouqiao event previous on second, Jiang once urgent telegram Shanghai garrison headquarters: The attention has the emergency, strengthens the guard in secret... 7.7 later in view of the fact that the Japanese invaders will be rapid in the North China area progress, the military council namely will plan in Shanghai opens the second battlefield. Presently through on hand the material analysis, the author thinks its main strategic intention (according to priority arrangement): 1. indicates the Sino-Japanese War is determined by the seeing and hearing, arouses the international value, the sympathy and the support using the Shanghai status; 2. uses dates armed force temporarily does not want in this local motion by " offensive " 痛击 the crazy dwarf; 3. in view of the fact that the Shanghai and Hangzhou area direction, the deployment, the military supplies as well as 军事地理 the condition is bigger than the shortcoming advantage to the Chinese army combat. The Japanese government's strategic goal is imaginary turns the Chinese war closes the windows and doors oppressively abandons " the personal dispute " partial, gradually nibbles to China takes it; But Japanese military young guard then obstinately flaunts take China these four and so on the poor country as the target, establishes the prominent armed force meritorious for the oneself 愚劣 the morality moral character; But the cabinet and the military all temporarily does not want to open the excessively many battlefields. Makes war the front situation chart (clicks worthy of looking at big chart) the war passes through (1) attack stage on August 11th 21 o'clock in receives the telephone order which advances after Shanghai, is earlier on the 9th group army which open-air awaits orders both sides the road (Commander-in-Chief Zhang Zhizhong) 87 teachers (king respects long) than the beginning of the month and 88 teachers (grandson Yuan good) on successive nights enters the urban district, 87 teachers advance north the river bay new urban district date foreign settlement the flank, 88 teachers also rapidly arrive at the north station deploy troops for defense. The group army Commander Zhang Zhizhong's plan is besieges the Zhabei date naval headquarters by 88 teachers, 87 teachers enterprising grand dukes cotton mill; After two teachers rapidly sweep clean the Japan armed force foothold block the seaport block the enemy backing army land. On August 14th 10 o'clock Chinese air force to collects date armed force foothold implementation bombing and so on mountain wharf, date naval headquarters as well as male big cotton mill by its limited resources, is day and night 87, 882 teachers starts to attack (although history 淞 war the Shanghai will be called 813, actually truly will make war is 814, before will only be supposed to regard as small scale conflict), on 15th before dawn the 9th group army entire line will start the general attack. The national troops attacks collects the mountain wharf live chart (clicks worthy of looking at big chart) however the fact proves national troops's preparation work does certainly is not certainly full, regardless of to the enemy intelligence understands or the operational training (especially artillery's training) all is far away the ideal, thus attacks as soon as starts on immediately to receive the Japan armed force stubborn resistance; The national troops 15 male thousandths of a Yuan German heavy artillery also were at a loss to the enemy headquarters peripheral firmly long fortification (Mr. Jiang to make war front once urge Zhang Zhizhong: " The dwarf camp reinforced concrete is strong, the true like fort, 15 fresh heavy pomegranates artillery investigate with 500 pounds bombs can broke down otherwise? Hopes deliberates again ". In fact enters a war the artillery completely does not understand how applies the heavy artillery short-range perpendicular incidence enemy fortification), makes war the beginning not attains the surprise attack effect and " offensive " the superiority, the enemy I rapidly forms the rubber condition. One after another on 3rd national troops soldier although continuously maintains soaring is the country dies for a righteous cause the morale, directly starts 3 times of violent attacks to the enemy, gives the enemy significantly kills, but the actual effect kills the enemy the method actually basically is the individual weapon adds the flesh and blood. The date naval headquarters passes through the many years reinforcement renovation, in engages in a decisive battle the initial period national troops 克虏伯 150 millimeter heavy artillery also is unable thoroughly to destroy the date marine (2) defensive stage which resists stubbornly in naval headquarters Tientai on September 11th military council chairman personally 披甲 holds the post of the 3rd theater commander, the 9th group army and 15 group armies gradually retreat the Liuhe River town, Luo Dian, 蕴 the algae shore, the river bay to Shanghai north station one, the 8th group army (sends Kui) defends north shore Hangzhou bay. The date armed force relies on the superiority uses take 中间突破 as the axle center entire line attack strategy, but the national troops entire line clings to tenaciously, the small patch of land does not let, by the several fold sacrifice price consumption date armed force, both sides both hits exceptionally frigidly is difficult, often one town falls the foothold repeatedly changes hands ten extra is next many, causes the Japan armed force 中间突破 tactic to receive rapidly does not demolish the garrison troops the effect (because ammunition consumption is too big, date armed force even soaks after arrow dips gasoline lights shoots to garrison troops sends). In September 30 in the future, the date armed force will strengthen the military strength defends the battleline oppression to the national troops, the left wing combat armed force (Chen is honest) gradually retreats 蕴 the algae shore 右岸, the poplar Jinghe River West bank to Liuhe River town one, this time the national troops defense line whole already distorted: The left wing combat armed force becomes the entire defense line the central committee, the central operational armed force actually crowded area the Beijing to Shanghai railroad, but the right wing combat armed force for strengthened the central spot has gradually displaced by original Hangzhou bay north shore to left wing armed force's right flank. The date armed force continuously fiercely attacks to 蕴 the algae shore direction, the war zone soon newly moves 21 group armies (the Liao rock pile department) reenforces; After ten several day-long fights, the left wing combat armed force defense line is broken through 5 kilometers. The war zone attends to the death anniversary armed force breaks through the big field threat central combat armed force the flank, was advantageous for organizes in October 19 to 21st one time to counter-attack. Counter-attacks take 15 group armies (the Luo outstanding England), 19 group armies (Artemisia stelleriana mountain), unit and so on 21 group armies as the main force, take 蕴 the algae shore direction as the center of gravity, but because national troops one after another in February struggles hard, the quality better veteran casualties is huge, war strength various units greatly drops, counter-attacks one by one is very quickly defeated by the date armed force, hereafter the national troops defense line gradually deviates to the west the Shanghai urban district, but the Shanghai direction date armed force because the casualties loss is also huge, the incapable effective alternation breakthrough annihilates the national troops. The date armed force from 813 successively will later have put more than 6 divisions to the beginning of 11 in the Chinese Shanghai area, but still will not be able likely to make war when will anticipate such rapidly will destroy the Chinese army the fighting will, will start to middle of October to consider will land in national troops's strategic flank Hangzhou bay, but because of factor limit and so on the climate and hydrology condition, will land continuously delays until in November on 5th. The Chinese garrison troops in makes war when namely pays attention Hangzhou bay the vital significance, to middle of August 就令 8th group army bay north shore, but along with the war development, the 8th group army gives dual attention to the right wing combat armed force the duty, simultaneously the war zone once planned in September gradually retreats strategic defense line and so on Wu Fu Xian, Hangzhou bay defends not can be able to strengthen. On 5th before dawn, the date armed force nearly two divisions' military strength use thick fog shields land from the Jinshan health area, rapidly routs the coast garrison troops, basically controls north shore Hangzhou bay on 8th. The date armed force lands the successful after split-cycle control command system, formed " the Central China front army " unifies the direction by the loose well stone root senior general, this date and time armed force had strengthened in Shanghai and the peripheral locality military strength to 10 divisions (two is moves by North China). Date armed force Hangzhou bay landed the situation chart (clicks worthy of looking at big chart) on November 5th, 1937 the date armed force successor army which landed north Hangzhou bay in November, 1937 5 daily the armed force lands in the Jinshan health, thus 淞 Shanghai area national troops situation 急转 worsening. When General Xue Yue any 19 group armies commander-in-chief, that very night the Artemisia stelleriana mountain army group headquarters (was locating peaceful pavilion) 67 teachers division commanders which broke after the Si River Jiangkou the yellow dimension (yellow Magistrate 15th group army Commander Luo outstanding English 18 armed forces Luo Zhuo Britain concurrently is at that time respective) makes the telephone, but the bilateral telephone conversation time all simultaneously encountered the Japan armed force attacks, telephone conversation severance. General Xue anxious command 特务营 resistance, simultaneously leads the headquarters personnel to retreat. On the way again suffers the Japan armed force attacks, seat vehicle driver, the adjutant and the bodyguard the Artemisia stelleriana mountain is all shot by the date armed force kills, the Artemisia stelleriana mountain this time the cold has a fever, solitarily plunges into the roadside 河中, relies on the oneself Guangdong man swims across the technology, swims 河沟 escapes by luck Yu Nan. Late at night General Xue Yue climbs up after the shore, also is deficient freezes again, adds the grave illness high fever, several intelligences are fuzzy, 幸得 14 teachers (when 14 teachers Division Commander Chen dies for a just cause, Magistrate 54 armed forces Huo Kui 彰, when day and night Commander Huo Kui Zhang shifts along with 14 teachers) passed by, Commander Huo anxiously takes off on the body 大衣 exchanges for General Xue, and escorts rear area, General Xue Yue only then dies inside escapes. After this is two human affairs the group photo. Because the right after flank has been been circuitous by the date armed force, persisted in the Shanghai battlefield 3 months struggled hard the national troops started to the Wu luck line direction to retreat, 9th, 19 group armies subordinate units retreated along the Beijing to Shanghai line two sides when encounter Japan on 10th machine day and night bomb, the army contacted severs in great confusion, luckily 15 and 21 group armies defended stubbornly in the Liuhe River town to Jiading's new Jinghe River West Bank, after the war zone main force only then could shield removes, after shields the duty completes the latter two group armies removes to Tai Lake southwest the filial piety abundant, rather area the country. The date armed force besides pursues to 淞 the Shanghai frontage to the national troops, 另约 3 divisions along Beijing Hangzhou federal highway west bound, successively captures Pinghu the town and Jiaxing, and advances to Wuching. The national troops 7th armed force (week ancestor shakes) to the Wuching blockade Japanese invaders, newly arrives the war zone Sichuan rhubarb 23 group armies (Liu Hunan, approximately 6 teachers, but arrives at approximately 5 teachers) also immediately leaves for Guangde coordinates. The 7th armed force after the Wuching blockade date 6th division main force 6 days, does not draw back 守孝 in the neighborhood of the abundant rather country. 23 group armies after long are popular area Guangde shield the national troops which the tin clear line removes, the blockade pursues the enemy reaches the tenth long time, at the beginning of December retreats rather area the country, 淞 Shanghai engages in a decisive battle to this conclusion.
gives you a rough idea
