english version
The peace model " was the Chinese and American honeymoon time mountain peak, both sides signs in 87 years leaves the gift of gab to China improves 55 sortie annihilates -8 II related equipment the contract, the total amount reached as high as 550000000 American dollars. Two annihilate -8 II transports USA in 89 beginnings of the year, by the American perspective personnel test flight appraises and makes the improvement. The American perspective test flight strength was abundant, uses the Edwards base " the air force flight experiment center " (Air Force Flight Test Center) 6510 squadrons. The American perspective test flight item manager is 5,700 flying hour of senior test pilots, once composed the United States military flying school teaching material. Simultaneously center the side approximately 20 technical personnel go to the New York Long Island 格鲁 gate company factory, the generation of air force base carry on the training study. But after 89 years summer this plan stop, is beautiful official and the enterprise all as far as possible avoids mentioning possesses with China's military cooperation plan, in order to avoid refers is " aids China ". Therefore we only can act according to the few information, right " the peace model " makes some " is an armchair strategist ". According to the biography was the American some museum annihilates -8 II machine header block at that time annihilates -8 II aviation electron system backwardness lacks the development potential, the existing radar was unable effectively to survey the low target. Therefore the American perspective mainly is for annihilates -8 II equips the western 80's horizontal fire control systems, but in engine, mobility not thorough improvement. The new fire control system characteristic is, uses the data transmission standard main line technology, thus can thoroughly raise the navigation electricity level; The comprehensive radar, is used to leads, sensor and so on atmosphere, enhances 探测能力; Uses the advanced demonstration technology, enhances the person machine work efficiency; Establishes new outside hangs the management technology foundation; The enhancement from the examination, the system fault-tolerant ability, enhances the reliability and the maintainability. The concrete measure is, same time the model fire control transplant to annihilates F-16 -8 on II, includes installs AN/APG-66 (V) the fire control radar, the cabin display system, 1553 main lines, the new fire control computer and so on. AN/APG-66 (V) the radar installs AN/APG-66 (V) the radar is " the peace model " the most outstanding item, for annihilated -8 II increases " the gold 睛 火眼 ". This possibly is the first example East fighter aircraft and the western radar official " marries ". This radar (Westinghouse Electric) develops by the west room electricity company, belongs X wave band pulse Doppler aircraft-borne fire control radar, primary equipment F-16a/B and so on. The American perspective entrusts with provides to the center side radar one new code number: PRC F-8 APG-66 (V). Our country at that time did not have to be able the fire control radar which compared with it. This radar uses the plate 隙缝天线, to aerodreadnought maximum search distance approximately 140 kilometers. To the fighter aircraft 上视 the survey distance 46 to 74 kilometers, gets down regards 37 to 55 kilometers. Has 频率捷变 the ability, the anti-jamming is good. Beijing China aviation museum at the same time F-8II APG-66 (V) the processor, the radar computer, the storage medium is more advanced, thus can provide the large capacity fast handling ability. Its design has modular the characteristic, divides into 7 respectively brings own the independent power supply 可更换 the unit, the plug / plug unification but is easy to insert pulls out, the power supply is reliable, massively uses the reliable good digital component. Therefore, APG-66 (V) in fights under the condition may fast replace the repair. As for People's Liberation Army, at that time faced the enemy three-dimensional big group attack threat, needed to intercept the aircraft commander time continuously battles, needed as far as possible to decrease the probability which the breakdown broke down. APG-66 (V) with the aid of the pulse Doppler technology, can in the ground noise jamming the search and 锁定目标, thus initiates the attack. The old style single pulse system radar, basically is unable to achieve this point. APG-66 (V) the active status is very complete, empty pattern for example wrestle, fast search, 自动截获, automatic track and so on. The open area pattern includes the real wave beam, 8:1 Doppler wave beam peaks, map locking, to the sea 搜索跟踪 and so on. Therefore APG-66 (V) established the F-16 good fire control foundation. Slightly develops after this foundation, F-16c/D had the perfect open area operational capacity. Annihilates -8 II initial fire control system, is restricted in the radar system, only can cope with the upper air goal. This also is the Mig -23, F-104 and so on the model second generation of fighter aircraft common characteristic, generally only has 上视 the ability, is unable under to regard the survey. Had APG-66 (V) such radar, annihilated -8 II only then can the effective interception low-level penetration enemy side airplane and the missile, for example massively had at that time equipped Soviet troops chart -22m " the counter fire " the bomber aircraft and the Soviet -24 fighter bomber. F-16 APG-66 (V) radar certainly APG-66 (V) also has its flaw: The survey distance is near, at first even does not have the continuous wave illumination, is unable to use AIM-7 " the house sparrow " in and so on is apart from semi-active radar guidance air-to-air missile. APG-66 develops after APG-66 ADF, F-16 only then can use AIM-7. Increases 50% APG-68 until the reequipment search distance the radar the F-16 new model appearance, " fought 隼 " only then truly has the ultra apparent distance air fight ability. Regarding undertakes the interception duty annihilates -8 II, the genuine suitable radar actually is APG-68. But USA at that time certainly could not provide this radar gives China. The cabin display system is advanced fire control must include the suitable output demonstration method, only then can truly form the battle efficiency. The American perspective for annihilated -8 II cabin increases the many kinds of graphic display device, included under regards the monitor (Multifunction Display System MFD) and the new style collimated display (Head Up Display System HUD), the concrete model was unclear, estimate similar F-16 corresponding part. F-16 under reveals is the high resolution, the high brightness television / diffraction grating monitor, uses advanced CRT and the optics filter technology, may demonstrate includes the many kinds of pattern the radar imagery, the letter numeral and the mark superimposition output and so on. Under F-16 reveals also may output the television guidance weapon correlation video frequency picture, but " the peace model " and not installs to the place guided weapon plan, therefore reequips fire control should not include this part of functions. But annihilates -8 II original demonstration method only is the simple profile output and the mechanical and electrical measuring appliance, the function is unitary, is unable to satisfy the photoelectricity guidance to the place weapon need. Formerly the old style photoelectricity sights only could provide the simple aiming corona for the pilot. Pilot the goal size which knows in advance through at the indication and the experience carries on the estimate, the range finder, the attack precision is all lower. Also must need frequently to lower the head the examination 座舱仪表 information. After reequips new evenly reveals, annihilates -8 II pilot may straight respectfully received and read takes the fire control, the flight data, 雷达信息 and the mobile energy management information. When air-to-air combat, the pilot may penetrate evenly reveals sees the goal, simultaneously sees the projection superimposition 雷达目标 the interception instruction mark, the aiming corona, the greatest / smallest transmission range instruction, the aiming operation spot, the projectile 示踪 line (hot line) and the speed vector. The above prompt information can have the multiple in the combat improves the pilot working efficiency, when for example throws the aerial bomb, the pilot only must observe the goal as well as evenly reveal the aiming operation spot which the fire control system outputs, at the right moment presses down according to the instruction launches Niu, projects the bomb, mays then the accurate hit goal. When cruise evenly reveals the demonstration position, the speed, highly with the control signal and so on, may decrease pilot's working strength. 1553b the main line 1553b standard regarding military amateur said somewhat is possibly strange. The author thinks " the peace model " center, 1553 standards are the most important one link. It, before has not mentioned the radar, the guidance system improvement plan, is equal to the castle in the air. When above century 60's, / evenly reveals the comprehensive fire control system by the navigation which / the weapon aiming system (INS/HUD/WACS) is composed, is joined to the long range spatially shoots the weapon, causes the fighter aircraft even more powerful. But the combat information data total quantity rises suddenly, but between equipment connection respectively different, the interconnection coordination difficulty is big, becomes the fighting efficiency the bottleneck. At the same time, because lacks the unification standard, the development, the maintenance and the improvement cost unceasingly rises. Thereupon after 1973, the USA military successively announced MIL-STD-155C3A (USAF) the standard and the 1553b improvement standard. Sketchy say, individually the aircraft-borne electronic equipment is similar in computer local area network LAN the single computer, 1553 standards are similar to the correspondence agreement, mays be called the modern battle airplane electron system " the backbone ". Its core lies in " the standard " two characters. Had 1553, the radar photoelectric detection, the navigation, this machine passes on the feeling, the cabin demonstrates, outside hung the management and the fire control computer and so on can the perfect joint synthesis, constituted the third generation fighter aircraft sign distributional centralism control system. F-16a is uses the 1553A standard the first kind of battle airplane. The MIL-STD-155C3b connection card take the radar as the example, before mentions the advanced person machine contact surface, needs the fire control radar has the complex foreign connection, simultaneously the pulse Doppler radar needs the formidable internal connection again carries on the processing operation. If does not have 1553 such advanced main lines, these two connections performance all wants the long number discount. 1553 main lines have, the nimble characteristic high speed, the correspondence efficiency are high, the revision, the expansion and the maintenance is simple. Under enumerates some data, the familiar computer friend must have the experience: MIL-STD-155C3b is the digital order / response type minute system multiplex data bus, the transmission speed 1m bit / second, sufficiently satisfies the third generation battle airplane the request; Character length 20 bits, data effective length 16 bits; The half-duplex transmission way, the double redundant breakdown fault-tolerant way, the transmission medium for shields the twisted pair line. 1553 main lines redundance designs, enhanced the subsystem and the entire system reliability. Main line itself (includes bus control unit, twisted pair line, 偶合器 and so on) the average non- breakdown operating time surpassed 10,000 hours, is basic in the entire system may neglect its failure rate, annihilates -8 II original joint way is much better than. Simultaneously may omit annihilates between -8 II equipment the complex tedious point-to-point joint, only this one item may make the entire electronic system the weight to reduce approximately 5%, and saves the space, consumes the electricity. The digital transmission way and the traditional mold electricity way compares, the speed is quicker, the reaction time is shorter, the secrecy is even better, the antijamming ability is stronger, can fully display the fire control equipment performance. The character mistake rate is smaller than 1/10000000. In the rear service maintenance aspect, the standard connection, inserts the card is extremely easy to disassemble, may facilitate carries on the test hypothesized through the digital tool /. After the test only ground checkout one item, might compare formerly reduces 30% maintenance man-hour. " The peace model " take the 1553b standard as the foundation navigation electricity system, compared to annihilated -8 II original system enhances one stair. Its fire control / navigation condition division of labor clearly makes clear, the information processing speed is quick, maintains the promotion is simple, the extension is strong. In addition the western armament system basically all conforms to 1553 standards, the our country introduction some advanced weapons only must make the corresponding improvement, mays then voluntarily to install " the peace model " above. More importantly, 1553 standards decided the different merchant aviation electronics standardization, the standardization, was helpful to solve the our country aviation industry some problems. Although " the peace model " the plan die young, our country still established 1553 standard statuses, the simultaneous development more advanced optical fiber 1553 connections technologies and the equipment, and conducted the new optical fiber main line research. Other day our country had developed successfully has the independent intellectual property rights the 1553b main line agreement connection chip. The optical fiber connection 1553b new fire control computer new fire control computer is " the peace model " cerebrum, although does not have the concrete model the information, but based on the radar, the display system and so on the known material, may infer its basic situation. It with was used to leads the computer, the firepower aiming computer, the radar processor, outside hangs manages the computer composes the flight fire control system, was the system core. This computer is responsible to control the include machine artillery, air-to-air missile, the aerial bomb and so on each kind of weapon launch lead, the launch area, the trajectory, shoots the spot, the prompt information and so on, outside the choice, the hypothesis and the launch hangs the weapon. When combat, the fire control computer carries on the science the airplane energy management computation, when fight guarantees the fighter aircraft in the best wrestle flight condition, usually may increase the cruise duration and the distance. When empty combat, the fire control computer may for annihilate -8 II pilot provides the wrestle, air-to-air missile, the fast fire, the pretage track and so on. When fast fire, the computer simulation continual projectile flows the strike point, the pilot thus may rapidly catch fast opens the artillery interception enemy airplanes the accurate opportunity. When pretage attack, the computer will aim at the corona projects dynamically in by the goal distance, the airplane, 距变率 the decision suitable position, the pilot adjusts the flight attitude causes the corona to belay the goal, will may then to aim the attack. When open area combat also has the many kinds of condition supplies the different use. Other " the peace model " selects the LN-39 inertial navigation system is the advantage company at the beginning of 80's unmatchable products, is the F-16 early time model use. Its precision surpasses annihilates -8 II original product, the work is stable, the average breakdown cycle is long. Outside hung the weapon management system changes annihilates -8 II formerly outside hangs the flaw which sole, the ball planted expands with difficulty, used the microprocessor and the standard connection technology, might manage the control many kinds of center US standard aerial warfare weapon. Each western electronic equipment reliability which because reequips is what is worth mentioning high, the composition entire system reliable gender ratio original system had the revolutionary enhancement. The electronic equipment improvement also enhanced annihilated -8 II 续航性能, like when take off and landing might use optimized the flying route, the altitude, thus reduced the fuel which the take off and landing consumed, this to the range did not calculate big annihilated -8 II very has the advantage. As a result of the electronic equipment change, annihilates -8 II original power source standard, the power output does not conform to the new requirement, therefore essential changes to the American perspective corresponding power source system. Simultaneously strengthened the cooling method, avoided the systematic heat.
