majority of the people KILLED or forced into suicides by the Red Guards are average folks who had nothing to do with politics! Cultural Revolution was anarchy in large scale.
The English proverb says history is written by the victors. In China, however, history is written by the intellectuals.
As another poster pointed out earlier in this thread, the Cultural Revolution was actually beneficial to the vast majority of the rural population. However, since the CR overwhelming persecuted the intellectuals, it is now seen as an unmitigated disaster. However, that is a claim not born out by actual data, as both China's economic strength and average life expectancy
increased during those 10 years.
You're not the only one here who grew up with horror stories of the CR, because the fact that we are on this forum means we most likely come from intellectual families. However, the experience of our families are not representative of the experience of the rest of the country at the time.
The CR was not a necessary evil, instead, it was an inevitable product of China's socio-political environment at that particular time. Many people see the CR as Mao wielding tyrannical power, when the closer truth is that the CR was Mao's rebellion against the CCP itself.
Mao saved the CCP from annihilation and, under his leadership, the CCP succeeded in taking over the entire country. In any prior century, Mao would have been the founding emperor of a new dynasty, his authority unquestioned, and his legacy enshrined by his descendants after his death. That was the way China operated for thousands of years. Instead, after the disaster of the GLF, the CCP removed Mao from power. Mao reacted by launching the CR.
The CR was a clash between China's imperial past and its modern political system. It was a lesson that shaped virtually every Chinese leader after Mao. Puyi may have been nominally the last emperor of China, but in reality, that title belongs to Mao Zedong.