News on China's scientific and technological development.

taxiya

Brigadier
Registered Member
Conquering entire world?
You mean slaughtering human beings outside of Europe? And you are proud of it? You make me wonder what you are really.

And what is the relationship between conquering world and scientific achievement?
Should you now call in the moderator about your OT?
 
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Blackstone

Brigadier
And what is the relationship between conquering world and scientific achievement?
Not to get between you and Janiz, but there's a direct relationship between world conquest and scientific achievements. History shows Europe's "Age of Enlightenment" led to unparalleled economic, social, philosophic, artistic, technological, and scientific revolutions that empowered European great powers to dominate the world. You could argue the good and harm they enabled/caused, but without the European scientific revolution, there wouldn't have been global conquest, by Europeans anyway.
 

taxiya

Brigadier
Registered Member
Not to get between you and Janiz, but there's a direct relationship between world conquest and scientific achievements. History shows Europe's "Age of Enlightenment" led to unparalleled economic, social, philosophic, artistic, technological, and scientific revolutions that empowered European great powers to dominate the world. You could argue the good and harm they enabled/caused, but without the European scientific revolution, there wouldn't have been global conquest, by Europeans anyway.

There is no doubt that the capability of Europe's world conquest was based on a strong scientific achievement among many things. And I also agree that there is no good or bad of capability. On this account, I agree with you.

But my objection to Janiz was the flame baiting style (in my opinion) argument, gradually drifting the premises of the subject from pure scientific matters to politics especially a sensitive one which most people outside of Europe are not happy with. And the majority of Europeans today would not brag about those conquests either. Some basic respect and sensitivity to the majority of humanity are required in this forum.
 

AssassinsMace

Lieutenant General
And the argument could be made Europe had no advancement until it went out into the world. In other words they learned from others or they stole it from others and put their name to it. As some in the West have said of poor countries that can be said by Chinese of them, all they did was shoot arrows and chuck spears at one another for a very long time. Every modern military weapon today has its basics come from China. What was the devil's magic in Europe was chemistry in China. Gun powder changed the world. Europe would not have been able to conquer the world without it. Guns and cannons were invented by China. The Europeans improved on it which is what's said of other countries today to demean their achievements. You know why China has always had a large population? Agricultural techniques that are still in use today. The black plague supposedly came from Asia and got to Europe via rats. It wiped out half the population in Europe. The bubonic plague struck China way before but it didn't kill off half the population. Why? The Chinese figured it out way before it could kill half the population. Radical religious beliefs didn't impede common sense.
 

taxiya

Brigadier
Registered Member
And the argument could be made Europe had no advancement until it went out into the world. In other words they learned from others or they stole it from others and put their name to it. As some in the West have said of poor countries that can be said by Chinese of them, all they did was shoot arrows and chuck spears at one another for a very long time. Every modern military weapon today has its basics come from China. What was the devil's magic in Europe was chemistry in China. Gun powder changed the world. Europe would not have been able to conquer the world without it. Guns and cannons were invented by China. The Europeans improved on it which is what's said of other countries today to demean their achievements. You know why China has always had a large population? Agricultural techniques that are still in use today. The black plague supposedly came from Asia and got to Europe via rats. It wiped out half the population in Europe. The bubonic plague struck China way before but it didn't kill off half the population. Why? The Chinese figured it out way before it could kill half the population. Radical religious beliefs didn't impede common sense.
Yes gun powder and fire arms are surely Chinese inventions which were adopted by the whole world. The very same gun powder that Chinese invented was used by Europeans at the height of their world conquest, only to be replaced by smokeless explosives invented by Europeans to the end of 1800s.

Let's get back to scientific development.
 

Equation

Lieutenant General
Whoa, whata hole in the water!:rolleyes:

China claims it has discovered the world's largest hole, and it's in one of the most dangerous places on the planet

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There she is.Screen grab/Reuters video

Good news: China claims it has discovered the world's largest hole.

On Wednesday, state broadcaster CCTV announced that the newly found "dragon's hole," a 984-foot (300-meter) cavern in the disputed waters of the South China Sea, is now the world's largest hole.

With territorial claims by Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei, the Philippines, Taiwan, and China, the South China Sea — rich in natural resources and crisscrossed by shipping routes — is
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on the planet.

According to Xinhua, the blue hole is called the "eye" by locals and lies within the disputed Paracel Islands, which is claimed by China and Taiwan and Vietnam.

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Reuters/Amanda Macias/Business Insider

This would surpass the
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in the Bahamas, which plunges to a 663-foot depth.

Yang Zuosheng, a professor at the Ocean University of China, said researchers used a variety of methods to ascertain the hole's depth.

"[Determining] the depth has to be done through a series of calibrations — for example, calibrations [based on] tidal water levels, temperature, level of salt, sea water density. But no matter which type of calibration, the depth should be around 300 meters," he said.



Blue holes were formed during previous ice ages.

Chinese scientists will continue to study the marine life within the hole, though because of its depth, water beyond a certain level has no oxygen, meaning few creatures are likely to be found in the lowest reaches, scientists said

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AssassinsMace

Lieutenant General
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Chinese satellite is one giant step for the quantum internet
Craft due to launch in August is first in a wave of planned quantum space experiments.

Elizabeth Gibney
27 July 2016

China is poised to launch the world’s first satellite designed to do quantum experiments. A fleet of quantum-enabled craft is likely to follow.

First up could be more Chinese satellites, which will together create a super-secure communications network, potentially linking people anywhere in the world. But groups from Canada, Japan, Italy and Singapore also have plans for quantum space experiments.

“Definitely, I think there will be a race,” says Chaoyang Lu, a physicist at the -University of Science and Technology of China in Hefei, who works with the team behind the Chinese satellite. The 600-kilogram craft, the latest in a string of Chinese space-science satellites, will launch from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in August. The Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Austrian Academy of Sciences are collaborators on the US$100-million mission.

Quantum communications are secure because any tinkering with them is detectable. Two parties can communicate secretly — by sharing a encryption key encoded in the polarization of a string of photons, say — safe in the knowledge that any eavesdropping would leave its mark.

So far, scientists have managed to demonstrate quantum communication up to about 300 kilometres. Photons travelling through optical fibres and the air get scattered or absorbed, and amplifying a signal while preserving a photon’s fragile quantum state is extremely difficult. The Chinese researchers hope that transmitting photons through space, where they travel more smoothly, will allow them to communicate over greater distances.

At the heart of their satellite is a crystal that produces pairs of entangled photons, whose properties remain entwined however far apart they are separated. The craft’s first task will be to fire the partners in these pairs to ground -stations in Beijing and Vienna, and use them to generate a secret key.

During the two-year mission, the team also plans to perform a statistical measurement known as a Bell test to prove that entanglement can exist between particles separated by a distance of 1,200 kilometres. Although quantum theory predicts that entanglement persists at any distance, a Bell test would prove it.

The team will also attempt to ‘teleport’ quantum states, using an entangled pair of photons alongside information transmitted by more conventional means to reconstruct the quantum state of a photon in a new location.

“If the first satellite goes well, China will definitely launch more,” says Lu. About 20 satellites would be required to enable secure communications throughout the world, he adds.

The teams from outside China are taking a different tack. A collaboration between the National University of Singapore (NUS) and the University of Strathclyde, UK, is using cheap 5-kilogram satellites known as cubesats to do quantum experiments. Last year, the team launched a cubesat that created and measured pairs of ‘correlated’ photons in orbit; next year, it hopes to launch a device that produces fully entangled pairs.

Costing just $100,000 each, cubesats make space-based quantum communications accessible, says NUS physicist Alexander Ling, who is leading the project.

A Canadian team proposes to generate pairs of entangled photons on the ground, and then fire some of them to a microsatellite that weighs less than 30 kilograms. This would be cheaper than generating the photons in space, says Brendon Higgins, a physicist at the University of Waterloo, who is part of the Canadian Quantum Encryption and Science Satellite (QEYSSat) team. But delivering the photons to the moving satellite would be a challenge. The team plans to test the system using a photon receiver on an aeroplane first.

An even simpler approach to quantum space science, pioneered by a team at the University of Padua in Italy led by Paolo Villoresi, involves adding reflectors and other simple equipment to regular satellites. Last year, the team showed that photons bounced back to Earth off an existing satellite maintained their quantum states and were received with low enough error rates for quantum cryptography (G. Vallone et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 040502; 2015). In principle, the researchers say, the method could be used to generate secret keys, albeit at a slower rate than in more-complex set-ups.

Researchers have also proposed a quantum experiment aboard the International Space Station (ISS) that would simultaneously -entangle the states of two separate properties of a photon — a technique known as hyperentanglement — to make teleportation more reliable and efficient.

As well as making communications much more secure, these satellite systems would mark a major step towards a ‘quantum internet’ made up of quantum computers around the world, or a quantum computing cloud, says Paul Kwiat, a physicist at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign who is working with NASA on the ISS project.

The quantum internet is likely to involve a combination of satellite- and ground-based links, says Anton Zeilinger, a physicist at the Austrian Academy of Sciences in Vienna, who argued unsuccessfully for a European quantum satellite before joining forces with the Chinese team. And some challenges remain. Physicists will, for instance, need to find ways for satellites to communicate with each other directly; to perfect the art of entangling photons that come from different sources; and to boost the rate of data transmission using single photons from megabits to gigabits per second.

If the Chinese team is successful, other groups should find it easier to get funding for quantum satellites, says Zeilinger. The United States has a relatively low profile when it comes to this particular space race, but Zeilinger suggests that it could be doing more work on the topic that is classified.

Eventually, quantum teleportation in space could even allow researchers to combine photons from satellites to make a distributed telescope with an effective aperture the size of Earth — and enormous resolution. “You could not just see planets,” says Kwiat, “but in principle read licence plates on Jupiter’s moons.”
 

Hendrik_2000

Lieutenant General
Not too long ago we have heated discussion with ultra who bad mouth Chinese education system as rote learning,force fed,uncreative, can't think out of the box etc, etc

Well we have research now coming out and it show that Chinese student are ahead of their peer when it come to critical thinking. But squandered it once they reached University because they are guaranteed degree. And the emphasize of research on the teaching staff,this one I can believe

Study Finds Chinese Students Excel in Critical Thinking. Until College.
By
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JULY 30, 2016
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“We don’t learn many things that can be used directly in work,” said Xing Guangnan, 21, a telecommunications engineering student at Beijing Information Science and Technology University. “To most students, exams are the only things driving us to study.” Credit Giulia Marchi for The New York Times
BEIJING — Chinese primary and secondary schools are often derided as grueling, test-driven institutions that churn out students who can recite basic facts but have little capacity for deep reasoning.

A new study, though, suggests that
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is producing students with some of the strongest critical thinking skills in the world.


The unexpected finding could recast the debate over whether Chinese schools are doing a better job than American ones, complementing previous studies showing Chinese students outperforming their global peers in reading, math and science.

But the new study, by researchers at
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, also found that Chinese students lose their advantage in critical thinking in college. That is a sign of trouble inside China’s rapidly expanding university system, which the government is betting on to promote growth as the
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.

The study, to be published next year, found that Chinese freshmen in computer science and engineering programs began college with critical thinking skills about two to three years ahead of their peers in the United States and Russia. Those skills included the ability to identify assumptions, test hypotheses and draw relationships between variables.

Yet Chinese students showed virtually no improvement in critical thinking after two years of college, even as their American and Russian counterparts made significant strides, according to the study.

“It’s astounding that China produces students that much further ahead at the start of college,” said Prashant Loyalka, an author of the study. “But they’re exhausted by the time they reach college, and they’re not incentivized to work hard.”

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“Some students just give up, because no matter how hard they work, they still will never get their dream jobs,” said Lu Jiawei, 22, an engineering management student at Beijing Information Science and Technology University. Credit Giulia Marchi for The New York Times
The findings are preliminary, but the weakness in China’s higher education system is especially striking because Chinese leaders are pressing universities to train a new generation of highly skilled workers and produce innovations in science and technology to serve as an antidote to slowing economic growth.

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The government has built hundreds of universities in recent years to meet soaring demand for higher education, which many families consider a pathway into the growing middle class. Enrollment last year reached 26.2 million students, up from 3.4 million in 1998, with much of the increase in three-year polytechnic programs.

But many universities, mired in bureaucracy and lax academic standards, have struggled. Students say the energetic and demanding teaching they are accustomed to in primary and secondary schools all but disappears when they reach college.

“Teachers don’t know how to attract the attention of students,” said Wang Chunwei, 22, an electrical engineering student at Tianjin Chengjian University, not far from Beijing. “Listening to their classes is like listening to someone reading out of a book.”

Others blame a lack of motivation among students. Chinese children spend years preparing for the gaokao, the all-powerful national exam that determines admission to universities in China. For many students, a few points on the test can mean the difference between a good and a bad university, and a life of wealth or poverty.

When students reach college, the pressure vanishes.

“You get a degree whether you study or not, so why bother studying?” said Wang Qi, 24, a graduate student in environmental engineering in Beijing.

The merits of the Chinese education system are a perennial subject of debate, in the United States as much as in China. The Obama administration has held up the
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of Chinese high school students on international exams in math, science and reading as an example of stagnation in the United States.

Critics argue that Chinese teachers place an unhealthy emphasis on test preparation and rote memorization at the expense of critical thinking skills and creativity. They also say
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overstate the strength of China’s system because they exclude students from poorer regions.

The Stanford study, based in part on exams given to 2,700 students at 11 mainland universities, has its own limitations. It does not account for people who are not enrolled in universities, a large swath of Chinese youth. It looks exclusively at students in computer science and engineering programs. And while it measures critical thinking, it does not offer insight into creativity, a topic often hotly debated in discussing the Chinese education system.

Still, the researchers found stark differences when they compared Chinese students with their overseas counterparts.

In addition to examining critical thinking skills, the study looked at how Chinese students compared in math and physics. While testing for the United States is not yet available, the researchers found that Chinese students arrived at college with skills far superior to their Russian counterparts.

After two years of college, though, the Chinese students showed virtually no improvement while the Russians made substantial progress, though not enough to catch up.

The Stanford researchers suspect the poor quality of teaching at many Chinese universities is one of the most important factors in the results. Chinese universities tend to reward professors for achievements in research, not their teaching abilities. In addition, almost all students graduate within four years, according to official statistics, reducing the incentive to work hard.

“They don’t really flunk anyone,” said Scott Rozelle, an economist who has studied Chinese education for three decades and a co-author of the study. “The contract is, if you got in here, you get out.”
 
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Hendrik_2000

Lieutenant General
(Continue)
The problems plaguing the higher education system have taken on new urgency as China’s ruling Communist Party tries to navigate a difficult transition from an economy fueled by manufacturing and assembly-line work to one led by growth in fields such as information technology and clean energy.

Eric X. Li, a venture capitalist in Shanghai who helped finance the Stanford study, said the success of Chinese secondary schools in teaching critical thinking could mean more innovation among younger Chinese that would help the economy.

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“I basically never write computer programs in my courses. I only read books and memorize things,” said Wang Ru, 21, a computer science student at Beijing Information Science and Technology University. Credit Giulia Marchi for The New York Times
“The common narrative that we hear is that Chinese educational system kills creativity and kills innovation,” he said. “But China is probably one of the most entrepreneurial societies in the world.”

The slowing economy has made it difficult for university graduates to find work, with about one-fifth remaining unemployed immediately after graduation and many settling into low-paying jobs.

Lu Jiawei, 22, who studies engineering management at Beijing Information Science and Technology University, said the gloomy job market was to blame for a lack of motivation among students.

“Some students just give up, because no matter how hard they work, they still will never get their dream jobs,” she said.

The shortcomings of the higher education system have left students struggling to find programs that match their aspirations.

Niu Fuzhi, an aspiring computer scientist at Harbin University of Commerce, had high hopes when she enrolled in 2014. But she was quickly disappointed. Professors focused on teaching high-level theories, she said, and classrooms were chaotic.

“I feel like the past two years were a waste,” said Ms. Niu, 20, who ranks near the top of her class.

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