Yuan Class AIP & Kilo Submarine Thread

[AssassinsMace]

I think the dim light is simply to make it easy to see the monitors. This is also why various types of imaging facilities, on land or at sea, all have dim lights.

There should be enough lighting on modern ships so that no one would have to worry about using their eye patches.

Not if the lights go out which is a possibility in battle. Lights turn red because eyes adjust faster to light or dark conditions in that medium which can happen in battle conditions.

 

[vesicles]

I read it in a science journal where they had tested human's biological clock in which if humans are to make their own cycle without outside input then humans start clocking 25 hours day instead of 24 hours. I believe NASA with the cooperation of some US Universities conducted the tests in the 80's

Here are some examples;

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I suggest that you might want to read your articles more carefully. The first site (Harvard Gazette) that you provided clearly says that the 25-hour measurements were faulty. More careful measurements by Czeisler and colleagues show a human circadian cycle is closer to 24 hours. this is just from the site that you gave.

Another tip about reading biology/medicine literature. Anything that is more than 10 years old would be unreliable. Sadly, biology is still very immature. Even a 5-year-old study is kind of "too old" in biology.

 

[Yvrch]

Not if the lights go out which is a possibility in battle. Lights turn red because eyes adjust faster to light or dark conditions in that medium which can happen in battle conditions.

I would agree to that statement, maybe that's the idea behind having low ambient light and certain color in CIC.

On the bridge ,it's a navigator's courtesy and necessity to keep the light down as much as possible while under passage. You can have as much light as you want in cabins, but curtains should be down and passage doors must be locked, so that other ships can visually see and identify you by your navigational lights, especially the look out guys who normally don't have access to radars and can only report what they see, either by Mark I Eyeball or by bynocs, to the officer of the watch who may be busy in the chart-room where it would be bright like day.

It's aslo a seafarer's duty to look out for any distress in the water, many fellow seafarers' lives have been saved just being alert and keeping a sharp eye in the dark.

It all comes down to safety and courtesy to fellow seafarers and navigators.

 

[AssassinsMace]

When I'm in my sunny backyard for a while and then I go into my garage that has little sunlight if the lights aren't on, my eyes go blind until they adjust to the darkest. If you're below deck when the lights go out in an emergency situation it'll be dark and back up lights will be red. If the ship goes dark in an emergency, the natural inclination is to get up on deck. When you do you'll be blinded by the daylight until your eyes adjust just like when I come from the daylight going into my darkened garage. The red light is a medium neutral light where if you're plunged into darkness or blasted in the light of day, your eyes will adjust quicker from a red light than if you were going from light into dark or dark into light. In an emergency situation aboard a ship the time it takes for your eyes to adjust could cost you so it's best that the time for your eyes to adjust be shortened as much as possible.

 

[SamuraiBlue]

I suggest that you might want to read your articles more carefully. The first site (Harvard Gazette) that you provided clearly says that the 25-hour measurements were faulty. More careful measurements by Czeisler and colleagues show a human circadian cycle is closer to 24 hours. this is just from the site that you gave.

Another tip about reading biology/medicine literature. Anything that is more than 10 years old would be unreliable. Sadly, biology is still very immature. Even a 5-year-old study is kind of "too old" in biology.

Yes I have but within the article the professor Czeisler also clearly stated;

However, these experimenters allowed their subjects to switch on lights when they were awake and turn them off when they wanted to sleep. They didn’t think this would have any effect, but switching on electric lights resets the biological clock. It’s the same as resetting your watch."

Kronauer calculated that changing ordinary room light in such experiments can shift the apparent circadian cycle by more than 40 minutes.

The Harvard team had their subjects go to bed four hours later each day, effectively creating a 28-hour day. This strategy disconnected the biological pacemaker from clock time.

"The 28-hour cycle distributed light exposure, sleep and wakefulness, work and play evenly around the biological clock," explains Czeisler. "The men and women did not get light exposure at the same time each clock day. Instead, they experienced a six-day week in which light and dark occurred at different times each day."

So everyone on a sub requires for the lights to be switched on regularly on a 24 hour cycle or they will drift off on a cycle of their own.
Which is very relevant with the subject at hand.

 

[Janiz]

First of all it's easier to watch the monitors in dim red light rather than in complete darkness. Secondly it's easier to come out from this kind of light when you're going out after surfacing in the night and see everything around you. The rhythm of submariners 24h a day lifes are controlled by watches time.

 

[vesicles]

Yes I have but within the article the professor Czeisler also clearly stated;


So everyone on a sub requires for the lights to be switched on regularly on a 24 hour cycle or they will drift off on a cycle of their own.
Which is very relevant with the subject at hand.

What do you mean by "a cycle of their own". The goal of old and new measurements has always been to determine the natural circadian cycle of human.

The difference between 24 vs 25 cycle is that the methology yielding 25 hour cycle is flawed and artificially influenced the measurements. So the value of 25 hours doesn't mean anything.

if Czeisler's measurements were correct, the innate cycle that "they will drift off" to will be 24 hours.

Also, the older measurements using switched lights obtained highly variable values, ranging from 13 hours to 65 hours. The value of 25 hours is only the median. So that number of 25 hours is pretty much meaningless because of the wide range. You can't conclude anything from it.

Please keep in mind that my problem was with your initial comment about human biological clock being 25 hours. You implied that such value would be the innate human circadian cycle. And I was responding to that comment.

And my comments on the mice clearly shows that lighting does influence circadian cycle. That is vastly different than the concept of innate cycle.

 

[FORBIN]

A pic not nice but interesting to Sanya a Kilo 636M reloaded with a Klub.

 

[B.I.B.]

Isn't the primary reason it's dimly lit because eyes adjust quickly to sudden light changes as if when the power goes out especially below decks? Why during battle are the lights red? Because red light is found to be the best medium for quicker adjustments from dark to light and light to dark. On the TV show Mythbusters they tested a theory that the stereotypical pirate's eye patch wasn't to hide a bad eye but because when pirates board other ships they're trying to take, when they go below they switch the eye patch to the other eye because the eye kept dark doesn't need adjustment and they see better than the eye that was exposed to the light which takes time to adjust. The theory worked and the reason for the eye patch was found to be plausible.

I think they are a special red bulb rather than the standard red bulb.

 

[Franklin]

Chinese submarines will get a new longer range anti-ship missile.

China Unveils New Submarine-Launched Anti-Ship Cruise Missile

The new anti-ship missile has over twice the range of its predecessor, revealed in 2014.

China showcased a new submarine-launched anti-ship cruise missile (ASCM) with an extended range at the 2016 Defense Services Asia (DSA) exhibition that took place from April 18-21 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, IHS Jane’s Defense Weekly reports.

The new missile, dubbed the CM-708 UNB, is purportedly a derivative of a longer-range version of the submarine-borne YJ-82 ASCM, a rocket-propelled missile launched in a buoyant capsule, with an estimated range of 30 to 40 kilometers (18 – 24 miles).

The CM-708 UNB, produced by the China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation (CASIC), allegedly has a range of about 290 kilometers (180 miles) — more than twice the range of a similar ASCM revealed in 2014, the so-called CM-708 UNA, which has a range of 128 kilometers (79 miles).

IHS Jane’s Defense Weekly outlines additional technical specifications of the new weapon:

A 1,200 kg ‘torpedo’ carrier launches the 5.05 m and 700 kg missile, which has a speed of Ma .08 to Ma .09 and uses integrated INS/Satellite and millimeter wave radar for guidance. It is armed with a 155 kg warhead and in its terminal phase flies 5-7 m above the water.

Like the CM-708 UNA, the CM-708 UNB is likely designed to target medium-to-large vessels and could pose a danger to U.S. carrier strike groups. “The CM-708, encased in a torpedo like case, is shot out from the submarine’s torpedo tube, through the water and into the air. The missile then breaks free of its casing, fires its booster and then engine, and flies out to hit its target ship,” Popular Science explains when describing the 128 kilometer variant of the ASCM in 2014.

If the new ASCM’s range proves accurate, it would put Chinese submarines at a safe distance from most anti-submarine warfare systems. The domestic version of the missile is (or will) likely be deployed aboard China’s conventional submarine fleet, which consists of 13 Song-class (Type 039) diesel-electric attack submarines and 13 more advanced Yuan-class (Type 039A) submarines equipped with air-independent propulsion (AIP) systems.

As I reported previously (See: “Chinese Submarine Simulates Cruise Missile Attack on US Aircraft Carrier”): “Song- and Yuan-class attack submarines will also purportedly be fitted with the YJ-18 vertically-launched, long-range, supersonic anti-ship missile, although an exact induction date for the new weapon is not known.”

The new CM-708 B could also be deployed aboard Type-093G Shang-class nuclear-powered fast-attack submarines. Potential international customers could include Thailand and Pakistan. During the Defense Services Asia Exhibition, China also revealed the LC63, an export version Type 074A Yubei catamaran small amphibious landing craft.

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