09III/09IV (093/094) Nuclear Submarine Thread

SinoSoldier

Colonel
I would gladly take a survivable SSBN in trade for a longer range SLBM, because a loud SSBN is like a liquid-fueled ICBM: always in danger of premature destruction before it can blow its load. In this case a longer ranged JL-2A will do you no good when you get tracked and sunk by an enemy SSN as soon as you leave your base. Possibly a 096+JL-3 combo will give the Chinese military's sea-based nuclear deterrent both survivability and range, because I suspect the current 094/A is probably not survivable enough to serve as a truly credible strategic deterrent. The other problem with the 094 is that there is only so much space in a fixed silo. I guess you could improve the JL-2's fuel efficiency and the aerodynamics somewhat, but how much more range this will give you is unclear. I think the 096 would likely come with bigger silos for a ~2.1m diameter SLBM that will have a range comparable to the Trident D5, which will allow a 096 to put almost the entire continental US at risk from Chinese territorial waters.

A loud SSBN is more survivable in the SCS than it is in the open sea, and given the slow development of Chinese reactors & quieting technology, it is almost guaranteed that a new Chinese SSBN would also be quite easily tracked by SOSUS or USN submarines themselves. The only leaves the SCS as the only place where PLAN 094s can buy some time before they are ultimately hunted down by US SSNs. The idea behind the SCS "bastion" is that the 094s will always be in "their base" (i.e. somewhat shielded by PLAN SSKs, sensors, and support ships/aircraft) whereas a marginally-improved 096 would be easily targeted by USN assets on the open seas.

Why is an increase from the current 2-meter diameter to 2.1 meters such an urgent issue? I don't think that is a major change or would give the JL-2/3 any significant jumps in capability. A far bigger variable in SLBM performance would be its fuel composition and geometry.
 

Iron Man

Major
Registered Member
A loud SSBN is more survivable in the SCS than it is in the open sea, and given the slow development of Chinese reactors & quieting technology, it is almost guaranteed that a new Chinese SSBN would also be quite easily tracked by SOSUS or USN submarines themselves. The only leaves the SCS as the only place where PLAN 094s can buy some time before they are ultimately hunted down by US SSNs. The idea behind the SCS "bastion" is that the 094s will always be in "their base" (i.e. somewhat shielded by PLAN SSKs, sensors, and support ships/aircraft) whereas a marginally-improved 096 would be easily targeted by USN assets on the open seas.
A quiet SSBN is more survivable in the SCS than it is in the open sea. It is also more survivable than a loud SSBN. :)

Also, the idea of using the SCS as some kind of SSBN bastion is untenable strategically. There is only one entrance into the Bohai Sea (and we already know China has laid down its own SOSUS-type devices across the entrance), whereas there are countless points of ingress into the SCS from all directions. Even worse, the current Chinese possessions in the SCS do not form any kind of discernable protective enclosure to serve as any kind of bastion for SSBNs. And even worse than that, the SCS is home to multiple foreign island holdings scattered amongst the Chinese possessions, some or possibly even many of whom (e.g. Phillipines, Malaysia, Taiwan, maybe even Vietnam) would just love to host some SOSUS hydrophones (if they don't already) in the event China tries to set up some kind of SSBN defensive perimeter.

I'm not sure where you get your "guarantee" that a new generation SSBN would be so easily tracked by SOSUS or USN SSNs. I would expect a 096 to be at least as quiet as an Ohio class SSBN, and that would still make the 096 more than a generation behind USN's state of the art sub technology. The USN has relied on the Ohio for all this time without worrying too much about its survivability. In any event the Bohai Sea is a perfect SSBN bastion given that it is surrounded on 3 sides by Chinese territory and is also closer to the CONUS to boot. Any enemy SSNs that tried to penetrate into the Bohai Sea would face a massive gauntlet of Chinese ASW assets all well within range of this naturally enclosed stretch of sea. Not only that, just beyond the Bohai Sea is the Korea Bay, which itself is surrounded on 3 sides by China and North Korea and could easily serve as another line of defense against encroaching subs. TBH why anyone would think the SCS is a better SSBN bastion than the Bohai Sea is unclear to me.

Why is an increase from the current 2-meter diameter to 2.1 meters such an urgent issue? I don't think that is a major change or would give the JL-2/3 any significant jumps in capability. A far bigger variable in SLBM performance would be its fuel composition and geometry.
Who said anything about an "urgent" issue? It would simply be a development of the JL-2. Just like the D5 was a development of the C4, and the JL-2 was a development of the JL-1. The 2.1m diameter also implies an increase in length, and I'm not somehow wedded to a "2.1m" diameter; by this I really just mean "bigger than JL-2". Also, I'm guessing you don't actually know enough about SLBMs to confidently state that a "far bigger variable" in SLBM performance (besides the size) would be its fuel composition and geometry. To be fair, I don't know either, but I did previously say so unequivocally.
 

antiterror13

Brigadier
Just a wild speculation ... if Chinese SSBN (lets say 096) baed in Bohai sea ... do you guys think the 096s would survive if lets say the enemy nuke Bohai sea by 10x 5 megaton nukes ? ... it seems Bohais sea is a bit small, only roughly 78,000 km2
 

SinoSoldier

Colonel
A quiet SSBN is more survivable in the SCS than it is in the open sea. It is also more survivable than a loud SSBN. :)

Also, the idea of using the SCS as some kind of SSBN bastion is untenable strategically. There is only one entrance into the Bohai Sea (and we already know China has laid down its own SOSUS-type devices across the entrance), whereas there are countless points of ingress into the SCS from all directions. Even worse, the current Chinese possessions in the SCS do not form any kind of discernable protective enclosure to serve as any kind of bastion for SSBNs. And even worse than that, the SCS is home to multiple foreign island holdings scattered amongst the Chinese possessions, some or possibly even many of whom (e.g. Phillipines, Malaysia, Taiwan, maybe even Vietnam) would just love to host some SOSUS hydrophones (if they don't already) in the event China tries to set up some kind of SSBN defensive perimeter.

The limitation with using the Bohai sea as an operating arena for the SSBNs would be its small area relative to the SCS, as well as its close proximity to ROK & Japan, whose sub-tracking capabilities far exceeds that of Vietnam, Philippines, Malaysia, or even Taiwan. Stationing a SSBN there isn't a survivable option given the nearby USN bases in Japan & Korea.

The SCS isn't a perfect solution to shielding the 094s, but the support provided by land- and sea-based assets confers greater survivability than a supposedly quieter SSBN will in the open seas (the USN has the capability to tag each & every PLAN submarine with one of their own).

I'm not sure where you get your "guarantee" that a new generation SSBN would be so easily tracked by SOSUS or USN SSNs. I would expect a 096 to be at least as quiet as an Ohio class SSBN, and that would still make the 096 more than a generation behind USN's state of the art sub technology. The USN has relied on the Ohio for all this time without worrying too much about its survivability. In any event the Bohai Sea is a perfect SSBN bastion given that it is surrounded on 3 sides by Chinese territory and is also closer to the CONUS to boot. Any enemy SSNs that tried to penetrate into the Bohai Sea would face a massive gauntlet of Chinese ASW assets all well within range of this naturally enclosed stretch of sea. Not only that, just beyond the Bohai Sea is the Korea Bay, which itself is surrounded on 3 sides by China and North Korea and could easily serve as another line of defense against encroaching subs. TBH why anyone would think the SCS is a better SSBN bastion than the Bohai Sea is unclear to me.

I don't know where you got the idea that the 096 would be comparable to the Ohio. Frankly, neither you or I has the insight to make such a comparison, but given the relative slow progression from 091 to 093, and finally from 093 to 093B, and similar timelines for their SSBN program, I wouldn't hold out on the 096 being any sort of game changer.

The small, enclosed nature of the Bohai Sea is actually a double-edged sword. It gives SSBNs significantly less operating space (i.e. greater probability of intercept & track by USN/JMSDF/ROKN forces) and is closer to the ASW assets of the Japanese, Koreans, & USN. Would it provide greater coverage for SSBNs? Sure. But the SCS allows PLAN subs to be protected by land-based assets in addition to greater geographic area in which they could hide.

Who said anything about an "urgent" issue? It would simply be a development of the JL-2. Just like the D5 was a development of the C4, and the JL-2 was a development of the JL-1. The 2.1m diameter also implies an increase in length, and I'm not somehow wedded to a "2.1m" diameter; by this I really just mean "bigger than JL-2". Also, I'm guessing you don't actually know enough about SLBMs to confidently state that a "far bigger variable" in SLBM performance (besides the size) would be its fuel composition and geometry. To be fair, I don't know either, but I did previously say so unequivocally.

A larger SLBM implies a larger submarine (unless you wish to build one with massive humps like the 094), which involves more time & money expended vis-a-vis investing in a more efficient SLBM (via developing more efficient fuels). Most modern SLBMs are roughly the size of the DF-31 (2 meters in diameter, 13 meters in length), so if one wishes to increase the reach of their missiles, they need to modify its rocket motors and such.

To be honest, I don't know what sort of upgrades were applied to the DF-31 to allow it to achieve DF-31A-level specifications, but given the comparable dimensions and warhead capacity, the only reasonable theory would be an improvement to its solid fuel composition + geometry.
 

SanWenYu

Senior Member
Registered Member
The limitation with using the Bohai sea as an operating arena for the SSBNs would be its small area relative to the SCS, as well as its close proximity to ROK & Japan, whose sub-tracking capabilities far exceeds that of Vietnam, Philippines, Malaysia, or even Taiwan. Stationing a SSBN there isn't a survivable option given the nearby USN bases in Japan & Korea.
In addition to all these, the average depth of Bohai is only 18 meters, with max depth at 85 meters. More than half of it are no deeper than 20 meter. Don't think it is safe for SSBNs to operate in such shallow water.
 

Iron Man

Major
Registered Member
The limitation with using the Bohai sea as an operating arena for the SSBNs would be its small area relative to the SCS, as well as its close proximity to ROK & Japan, whose sub-tracking capabilities far exceeds that of Vietnam, Philippines, Malaysia, or even Taiwan. Stationing a SSBN there isn't a survivable option given the nearby USN bases in Japan & Korea.
Uhh, are we looking at the same map? You actually think the US is willing or able to send ASW aircraft into the Bohai Sea when it's surrounded on 3 sides by China's own land mass? That's essentially saying the US would enjoy allowing their ASW planes to be target practice drones for the PLA, PLAN, PLANAF, and PLAAF inside the lion's mouth, along with whatever escorts are flying with the suicidal ASW aircraft. In fact even Korea Bay would be a risky endeavor for the USAF nowadays.

And BTW, who said anything about Filipino or Taiwanese sub tracking capabilities? I know I didn't, so don't start with the straw man arguments. What I said was that these countries would be happy to HOST a SOSUS array if the PLAN tried to use the SCS as an SSBN bastion.

The SCS isn't a perfect solution to shielding the 094s, but the support provided by land- and sea-based assets confers greater survivability than a supposedly quieter SSBN will in the open seas (the USN has the capability to tag each & every PLAN submarine with one of their own).
"Isn't a perfect solution"?? LOL that's like saying a sieve "isn't a perfect solution" for holding water. Second, you don't know that the USN would have the capability to tag each and every PLAN submarine with one of their own. In fact even now they do not have this capability. For the loud nuke subs like the 091, 092, 093 and maybe the 094 they probably can, but they certainly cannot track the quieter subs like the SSKs, to speak nothing of the fact that they utterly lack the available subs to tag "each and every PLAN submarine with one of their own". Where do you even get this idea from? Not only that, we are NOT talking about full blown bases in the SCS. These islands have airfields and some hangars for fighters and a few larger aircraft, but they should certainly not be confused for full-fledged air or naval bases, which they are most certainly not.

I don't know where you got the idea that the 096 would be comparable to the Ohio. Frankly, neither you or I has the insight to make such a comparison, but given the relative slow progression from 091 to 093, and finally from 093 to 093B, and similar timelines for their SSBN program, I wouldn't hold out on the 096 being any sort of game changer.
My sense is that your own timelines here are significantly skewed. BTW nobody said 096 would be any sort of game changer. Who said that? What I said was that I expect the 096 to be at the very least comparable to the Ohio, a submarine which was introduced in 1976 and would be equivalent in technology to early LA class subs. Game changer? LOL is this some kind of joke?

The small, enclosed nature of the Bohai Sea is actually a double-edged sword. It gives SSBNs significantly less operating space (i.e. greater probability of intercept & track by USN/JMSDF/ROKN forces) and is closer to the ASW assets of the Japanese, Koreans, & USN. Would it provide greater coverage for SSBNs? Sure. But the SCS allows PLAN subs to be protected by land-based assets in addition to greater geographic area in which they could hide.
Again, show me a USN/JMSDF/ROKN ASW aircraft flying inside the Bohai Sea during a war and I will show you an aircraft that's about to be turned into flaming aerial scrap metal. And again, the SCS islands are neither air bases nor are they naval bases and would certainly NOT provide the kind of protection for SSBNs that you are envisioning from actual air or naval bases.

A larger SLBM implies a larger submarine (unless you wish to build one with massive humps like the 094), which involves more time & money expended vis-a-vis investing in a more efficient SLBM (via developing more efficient fuels). Most modern SLBMs are roughly the size of the DF-31 (2 meters in diameter, 13 meters in length), so if one wishes to increase the reach of their missiles, they need to modify its rocket motors and such.

To be honest, I don't know what sort of upgrades were applied to the DF-31 to allow it to achieve DF-31A-level specifications, but given the comparable dimensions and warhead capacity, the only reasonable theory would be an improvement to its solid fuel composition + geometry.
Correct. I am implying a 096 submarine that is larger than the 094 submarine. And yes, it would be more time and money than a "more efficient" SLBM. I have no doubt that the Chinese military is right at this minute actively pursuing research on both a larger, more efficient SLBM to be housed inside a larger, quieter 096 SSBN.
 

SinoSoldier

Colonel
Uhh, are we looking at the same map? You actually think the US is willing or able to send ASW aircraft into the Bohai Sea when it's surrounded on 3 sides by China's own land mass? That's essentially saying the US would enjoy allowing their ASW planes to be target practice drones for the PLA, PLAN, PLANAF, and PLAAF inside the lion's mouth, along with whatever escorts are flying with the suicidal ASW aircraft. In fact even Korea Bay would be a risky endeavor for the USAF nowadays.

Conversely, do you really think that US & its allies would ignore China's ASW assets near the Bohai Sea? Do look at the proximity of the Bohai Sea to South Korea & Japan (home to US bases & sensors). If anything, the Bohai Sea area (which is also where the Chinese actually produce submarines) would be a priority area of concern should any hostilities break out.

Your assertion that an enclosed, concentrated area of PLAN assets somehow offsets the immense US firepower next door ignores the fact that operating in such limited spaces is actually risky for PLAN submarines.

By the same logic I could've claimed (in theory) that Pearl Harbor in 1941 would've been invulnerable to Japanese attack since the IJN would be "surrounded" by US battleships "from all sides".

And BTW, who said anything about Filipino or Taiwanese sub tracking capabilities? I know I didn't, so don't start with the straw man arguments. What I said was that these countries would be happy to HOST a SOSUS array if the PLAN tried to use the SCS as an SSBN bastion.

Fair enough; I overlooked that statement. That doesn't negate my argument that having a large area for PLAN subs to hide in is far more reasonable than to bottle up the 094s in the Bohai Sea, right next to two USN homeports & that of their allies.

"Isn't a perfect solution"?? LOL that's like saying a sieve "isn't a perfect solution" for holding water. Second, you don't know that the USN would have the capability to tag each and every PLAN submarine with one of their own. In fact even now they do not have this capability. For the loud nuke subs like the 091, 092, 093 and maybe the 094 they probably can, but they certainly cannot track the quieter subs like the SSKs, to speak nothing of the fact that they utterly lack the available subs to tag "each and every PLAN submarine with one of their own". Where do you even get this idea from? Not only that, we are NOT talking about full blown bases in the SCS. These islands have airfields and some hangars for fighters and a few larger aircraft, but they should certainly not be confused for full-fledged air or naval bases, which they are most certainly not.

Tracking the "loud subs" is already sufficient to knock out China's sea leg of its triad. The idea of placing SSBNs within the SCS is so that the Chinese SSKs (which you claim is "quiet" even though there is no evidence for this) can provide a half-decent screen for them. It's also so that land-based ASW aircraft & frigates (both of which cannot operate far from the Chinese mainland) could assist in defending against attacking USN subs. The flimsy islands China is building in the SCS doesn't have a part in this equation.

My sense is that your own timelines here are significantly skewed. BTW nobody said 096 would be any sort of game changer. Who said that? What I said was that I expect the 096 to be at the very least comparable to the Ohio, a submarine which was introduced in 1976 and would be equivalent in technology to early LA class subs. Game changer? LOL is this some kind of joke?

You do know that the Ohio SSBN is being constantly upgraded, right? If any PLAN submarine manages to approach the capabilities of the Ohio, it would be a game changer for the Chinese no matter how one looks at it.

Again, show me a USN/JMSDF/ROKN ASW aircraft flying inside the Bohai Sea during a war and I will show you an aircraft that's about to be turned into flaming aerial scrap metal. And again, the SCS islands are neither air bases nor are they naval bases and would certainly NOT provide the kind of protection for SSBNs that you are envisioning from actual air or naval bases.

You seem to be disregarding the fact that the US aircraft, submarines, and surface combatants right next door would almost certainly make short work of whatever major land-based PLAN asset the US could lay its eyes upon, including air defense networks. Not to mention Ohio-class SSGNs equipped with 154 Tomahawks that would be saturating coastal PLAN/PLAAF facilities with LACMs. Having your assets bunched in an enclosed space (i.e. the Bohai Sea) does not bode well in the age of computer-assisted warfare.

I wasn't referring to SCS islands when talking about land-based assets. I was referring to the Chinese coastline (which would be targeted by US forces but nevertheless the only available place for bases).

Correct. I am implying a 096 submarine that is larger than the 094 submarine. And yes, it would be more time and money than a "more efficient" SLBM. I have no doubt that the Chinese military is right at this minute actively pursuing research on both a larger, more efficient SLBM to be housed inside a larger, quieter 096 SSBN.

The question isn't whether a 096 will be "larger" than the 094 (which would have to happen anyways if they are to get rid of the hump) but rather if the PLAN would seek a larger SLBM. The French M51, US Trident, and Russian Bulava are all examples of JL-2-sized missiles that have far greater capability.

My point is that you do not need to increase the size of the SLBM to achieve longer range.
 

SinoSoldier

Colonel
In addition to all these, the average depth of Bohai is only 18 meters, with max depth at 85 meters. More than half of it are no deeper than 20 meter. Don't think it is safe for SSBNs to operate in such shallow water.

You are correct. The average depth is 20 meters (& the deepest point 70 meters), far too shallow for SSBNs to safely operate in.

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FORBIN

Lieutenant General
Registered Member
In addition to all these, the average depth of Bohai is only 18 meters, with max depth at 85 meters. More than half of it are no deeper than 20 meter. Don't think it is safe for SSBNs to operate in such shallow water.
You are correct. The average depth is 20 meters (& the deepest point 70 meters), far too shallow for SSBNs to safely operate in.

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Sure but SLBMs launch tests are mainly carried out from this Sea.
Nice file thanks for sharing.
 
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