CV-16 Liaoning (001 carrier) Thread II ...News, Views and operations

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Anlsvrthng

Captain
Registered Member
Liaoning would likely use the same fuel as the rest of the fleet, as the PLAN would have standardized this into their logistical infrastructure and into their tanker fleet. Not some thick tarry something that would produce black smoke. Even the Sovremennys in the PLAN don't spew thick black smoke and neither does any of the steam powered ships in the PLAN, like the 051, 051B and 051C.

It is a bit silly comment, every cold engine will spill black smoke when in cold., even the diesel engines - it takes a lot of playing with the fuel injection system to make it non-smoking during start up.

As a reference, the USA/UK naval ships emit smoke during start up as well.

The photographers usually has a chance to capture the ships during departure, when the engine is cold.

hms-queen-elizabeth-departs-portsmouth-uk-shutterstock-editorial-9180078a.jpg
 

Sczepan

Senior Member
VIP Professional
wait, first of all - there are different Kinds of petrol-based fuels;
- „Marine Gas Oil“ (MGO)
- „Low Sulphur Marine Gas Oil“ which is very clean and to be used in european Harbours, but expansiv
- a mix of and
- „Marine Diesel Fuel“ or Intermediate Fuel Oil (IFO) which is dirty, a so called "heavy grade oil"
and at least
- Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO), also „Marine Fuel Oil“ (MFO) or „Residual Fuel Oil“ (RFO) - which is cheap and dirty.

They could be used by the same engine, and I think, Russia will use HFO/MFO only and China is using the better ones. Also take a look to the Boilers, dirty in Russia and very clean in China …

„bunker fuel“
or "Bunker C" means the cheapest and dirtyest gas.

there is a german Explanation (use bubble or anything else to translate)
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Air Force Brat

Brigadier
Super Moderator
It is a bit silly comment, every cold engine will spill black smoke when in cold., even the diesel engines - it takes a lot of playing with the fuel injection system to make it non-smoking during start up.

As a reference, the USA/UK naval ships emit smoke during start up as well.

The photographers usually has a chance to capture the ships during departure, when the engine is cold.

hms-queen-elizabeth-departs-portsmouth-uk-shutterstock-editorial-9180078a.jpg

Yes, most all engines require a richer mixture for a clean start, all general aviation aircraft engines have a "primer" where you pump a small amount of raw fuel into a cylinder to get it to fire, sometimes during extremely cold starts you will need to continue to prime the engine... if it fails to start, the plugs may then ice up...

So a salamander style kerosene heater is an amazing asset in extreme cold weather ops....

back to the Liaoning, those boilers have been rebuilt to like new, they are kept very clean, and run very efficiently, but you are right, in fact at very low alititudes the old turbojet engines would smoke profusely, leading to the term "oil burner routes" to describe low altititude high speed military routes, where military aircraft were cleared in to operate up to 450knts...

Typically civil traffic is limited to 250knts below 10,000 feet to increase separation and decrease closure rates in the relatively congested airspace below 10,000 ft.

Back to the discussion at hand, civil aircraft have a "mixture" control that is typically set to full rich for ops below 5,000 ft, and then pulled to "lean" the mixture as you climb, increasing the engines power output and efficiency..

There is always an optimum mixture, and you're right, it requires a great effort to bring things up to temp and operated them in the most efficient manner...
 

Anlsvrthng

Captain
Registered Member
There is another difference, the jets/ cars start few times per days, the ships start few times per month.

So it doesn't makes sense to install to expensive/ complicated systems for start-up.
 
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